Table 1.
Characteristics of CRC cases and controls at blood draw, HPFS 1993–1995.a
| Characteristics | Cases (n = 261) | Controls (n = 261) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at blood draw, years | 65.7 (8.4) | 65.6 (8.4) |
| Blood draw to diagnosis, years | 6.9 (4.1) | NA |
| White, n (%) | 245 (93.9) | 253 (96.9) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2b | 26.2 (3.0) | 25.2 (2.6) |
| Family history of CRC, n (%) | 51 (19.5) | 39 (14.9) |
| Prior history of sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, n (%) | 149 (57.1) | 167 (64.0) |
| Regular use of aspirin (≥2 tablets/week), n (%)b | 112 (42.9) | 120 (46.0) |
| Regular use of NSAIDs (≥2 tablets/week), n (%)b | 28 (10.7) | 34 (13.0) |
| Ever smokers, n (%) | 144 (55.2) | 144 (55.2) |
| Pack-years among ever smokers, median (IQR) | 15.0 (8.0–27.0) | 15.0 (5.0–26.0) |
| Physical activity, MET-hours/week, median (IQR)b | 25.6 (12.1–40.2) | 25.5 (12.8–37.9) |
| Dietary intakeb | ||
| Alcohol, g/day, median (IQR) | 7.3 (0.9–18.3) | 6.9 (1.9–16.9) |
| Red and processed meats, servings/week, median (IQR) | 5.9 (3.8–9.0) | 6.1 (3.5–8.9) |
| Dietary fiber, g/day | 22.2 (6.3) | 22.7 (6.6) |
| Total folate, μg/day | 496 (201) | 537 (240) |
| Total calcium, mg/day | 909 (328) | 940 (370) |
| Total vitamin D, IU/day, median (IQR) | 403 (243–546) | 410 (262–636) |
| AHEI-2010 without alcohol | 48.1 (10.6) | 48.3 (10.4) |
| Plasma markers of inflammation | ||
| CRP, mg/L, median (IQR) | 1.43 (0.72–2.83) | 1.06 (0.57–2.17) |
| IL-6, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 1.61 (1.00–2.68) | 1.39 (0.93–2.37) |
| sTNFR-2, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 2751 (2356–3273) | 2684 (2323–3273) |
| Plasma markers of microbial translocationc | ||
| LBP, ng/ml, median (IQR) | 4340 (3650–5009) | 4274 (3694–4839) |
| sCD14, ng/ml, median (IQR) | 1212 (1103–1365) | 1191 (1075–1320) |
| EndoCAb IgM, MMU/ml, median (IQR) | 47.5 (32.6–64.4) | 51.8 (35.9–73.2) |
AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; CRC, colorectal cancer; CRP, C-reactive protein; EndoCAb, endotoxin core antibody HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study (men only); IgM, immunoglobulin M; IL-6, interleukin-6; IQR, interquartile range; LBP, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; NA, not applicable; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; sCD14, soluble CD14; SD, standard deviation; sTNFR-2, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2.
Data were presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
Cumulative average value was used by averaging the values from baseline to the time of blood draw.
Batch corrected concentrations were used.