Table 2.
Association of circulating markers of microbial translocation with risk of CRC, HPFS 1993–2009.
| Biomarkers | Quartilea |
Per SD increaseb | Ptrendc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| LBP | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 73/65 | 53/65 | 52/65 | 81/65 | ||
| Median, ng/ml | 3103 | 3994 | 4499 | 5308 | ||
| Cut points, ng/ml | 1350–3691 | 3692–4268 | 4269–4832 | 4833–7980 | ||
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)d | 1 (referent) | 0.75 (0.46–1.24) | 0.71 (0.43–1.17) | 1.14 (0.71–1.84) | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) | 0.64 |
| MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)e | 1 (referent) | 0.76 (0.46–1.28) | 0.63 (0.37–1.06) | 1.09 (0.66–1.79) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 0.88 |
| MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)f | 1 (referent) | 0.84 (0.48–1.44) | 0.59 (0.34–1.03) | 0.97 (0.56–1.68) | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | 0.66 |
| sCD14 | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 55/65 | 56/65 | 67/65 | 81/65 | ||
| Median, ng/ml | 997 | 1134 | 1249 | 1420 | ||
| Cut points, ng/ml | 649–1074 | 1075–1189 | 1190–1317 | 1318–1949 | ||
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)d | 1 (referent) | 1.04 (0.62–1.73) | 1.23 (0.74–2.03) | 1.51 (0.93–2.47) | 1.17 (0.99–1.40) | 0.07 |
| MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)e | 1 (referent) | 1.29 (0.75–2.20) | 1.45 (0.85–2.49) | 1.90 (1.13–3.22) | 1.28 (1.06–1.53) | 0.01 |
| MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)f | 1 (referent) | 1.30 (0.73–2.30) | 1.54 (0.86–2.74) | 1.88 (1.05–3.37) | 1.26 (1.02–1.56) | 0.03 |
| EndoCAb IgM | ||||||
| No. of cases/controls | 77/65 | 69/65 | 60/64 | 47/65 | ||
| Median, MMU/ml | 27.2 | 43.6 | 61.3 | 92.9 | ||
| Cut points, MMU/ml | 10.1–35.8 | 35.9–51.7 | 51.8–73.0 | 73.1–181.9 | ||
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)d | 1 (referent) | 0.89 (0.55–1.44) | 0.77 (0.47–1.25) | 0.60 (0.36–1.00) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 0.04 |
| MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)e | 1 (referent) | 0.88 (0.53–1.44) | 0.83 (0.50–1.38) | 0.63 (0.37–1.07) | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) | 0.09 |
| MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)f | 1 (referent) | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) | 0.89 (0.52–1.53) | 0.66 (0.38–1.14) | 0.83 (0.68–1.02) | 0.12 |
CI, confidence interval; CRC, colorectal cancer; CRP, C-reactive protein; EndoCAb, endotoxin core antibody; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study (men only); IgM, immunoglobulin M; IL-6, interleukin-6; LBP, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; MV, multivariable; OR, odds ratio; sCD14, soluble CD14; SD, standard deviation; sTNFR-2, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2.
Quartiles of the three biomarkers were defined based on the distribution in the controls.
SD for LBP: 942 ng/ml; SD for sCD14: 194 ng/ml; SD for EndoCAb IgM: 30.6 MMU/ml.
P for trend was calculated using the median of each quartile as a continuous variable.
Adjusted for matching factors (age and time of blood draw [continuous]) and race (white, non-white).
Additionally adjusted for body mass index (continuous), family history of CRC (yes, no), prior history of sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy (yes, no), regular use of aspirin (yes, no), regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (yes, no), pack-years of smoking (continuous), physical activity (continuous), alcohol intake, red and processed meat, dietary fiber, total folate (from foods and supplements), calcium, and vitamin D intake (all continuous), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 score without alcohol (continuous).
Additionally adjusted for CRP, IL-6, and sTNFR-2 (all continuous).