Table 4.
Trend in percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein and fat from different food sources, from 1991 to 2015
| 1991 (n 9251) | 2000 (n 10 491) | 2009 (n 9912) | 2015 (n 14 549) | P-trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean % | 95 % CI | Mean % | 95 % CI | Mean % | 95 % CI | Mean % | 95 % CI | ||
| Carbohydrate | |||||||||
| High-quality carbohydrate | |||||||||
| Coarse grain | 3·9 | 3·7, 4·2 | 2·0 | 1·9, 2·1 | 1·6 | 1·5, 1·6 | 1·9 | 1·8, 2·0 | <0·0001 |
| Fruit | 0·2 | 0·2, 0·2 | 0·3 | 0·3, 0·3 | 1·2 | 1·1, 1·2 | 1·1 | 1·1, 1·2 | <0·0001 |
| Vegetable | 2·3 | 2·2, 2·3 | 2·5 | 2·4, 2·5 | 2·4 | 2·4, 2·5 | 2·2 | 2·2, 2·3 | 0·0005 |
| Legume | 0·8 | 0·8, 0·9 | 0·8 | 0·7, 0·8 | 0·8 | 0·8, 0·9 | 1·2 | 1·2, 1·3 | <0·0001 |
| Tuber | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·8 | 1·5 | 1·5, 1·6 | 1·5 | 1·4, 1·5 | 2·0 | 2·0, 2·1 | <0·0001 |
| Low-quality carbohydrate | |||||||||
| Refined grain | 52·2 | 51·9, 52·6 | 48·6 | 48·4, 48·9 | 42·2 | 41·9, 42·5 | 36·2 | 36, 36·5 | <0·0001 |
| Added sugars | 0·5 | 0·5, 0·6 | 0·7 | 0·6, 0·7 | 1·1 | 1·0, 1·1 | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·7 | <0·0001 |
| Other* | 0·9 | 0·9, 0·9 | 1·4 | 1·4, 1·4 | 1·9 | 1·8, 1·9 | 3·8 | 3·7, 3·9 | <0·0001 |
| Protein | |||||||||
| High-quality protein | |||||||||
| White meat | 1·4 | 1·3, 1·4 | 1·8 | 1·7, 1·8 | 2·0 | 1·9, 2 | 2·3 | 2·2, 2·3 | <0·0001 |
| Fresh red meat | 0·8 | 0·8, 0·9 | 1·1 | 1·1, 1·2 | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·7 | 1·7 | 1·6, 1·7 | <0·0001 |
| Egg | 0·3 | 0·3, 0·3 | 0·6 | 0·6, 0·6 | 0·8 | 0·7, 0·8 | 0·8 | 0·7, 0·8 | <0·0001 |
| Dairy products | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·1 | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·1 | 0·2 | 0·1, 0·2 | <0·0001 |
| Legume products | 0·7 | 0·7, 0·7 | 0·8 | 0·7, 0·8 | 0·9 | 0·8, 0·9 | 0·7 | 0·7, 0·7 | <0·0001 |
| Incomplete protein | |||||||||
| Grain | 7·2 | 7·2, 7·3 | 5·9 | 5·8, 5·9 | 5·2 | 5·1, 5·2 | 4·4 | 4·3, 4·4 | <0·0001 |
| Tuber | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·1 | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·1 | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·1 | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·2 | <0·0001 |
| Nuts | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·1 | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·1 | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·1 | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·2 | <0·0001 |
| Other† | 1·9 | 1·9, 2·0 | 1·9 | 1·9, 1·9 | 2·3 | 2·3, 2·3 | 2·9 | 2·8, 2·9 | <0·0001 |
| Fat | |||||||||
| High-quality fat | |||||||||
| Nuts | 0·3 | 0·3, 0·3 | 0·5 | 0·5, 0·5 | 0·5 | 0·5, 0·5 | 0·6 | 0·6, 0·6 | <0·0001 |
| Seafood | 0·3 | 0·3, 0·3 | 0·4 | 0·4, 0·4 | 0·5 | 0·5, 0·5 | 0·4 | 0·4, 0·4 | <0·0001 |
| Plant oil | 8·5 | 8·3, 8·7 | 12·2 | 12, 12·4 | 13·4 | 13·2, 13·6 | 15·7 | 15·5, 15·9 | <0·0001 |
| Low-quality fat | |||||||||
| Livestock and poultry | 6·3 | 6·1, 6·4 | 8 | 7·9,8·2 | 9·2 | 9·1, 9·4 | 10·7 | 10·6, 10·9 | <0·0001 |
| Animal oil | 3·9 | 3·8, 4·1 | 3·1 | 2·9, 3·2 | 1·9 | 1·8, 2 | 1·4 | 1·4, 1·5 | <0·0001 |
| Grain | 2·6 | 2·5, 2·6 | 2 | 1·9, 2 | 2·1 | 2·1, 2·1 | 1·7 | 1·7, 1·8 | <0·0001 |
| Other‡ | 2·2 | 2·1, 2·2 | 3 | 2·9, 3 | 4·1 | 4·1, 4·2 | 5·1 | 5, 5·2 | <0·0001 |
*
All other carbohydrate not included refined grain and added sugars.
†
All other protein not included in grain, tuber and nuts.
‡
All other fat not included in livestock and poultry, animal oil and grain.