Table 1.
Maternal characteristics according to study groups
| PPFU Participation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 686) | No (N = 3272) | p | |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age (years, mean (SD)) | 29.01 (6.84) | 30.59 (5.72) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal age ≥ 35 years n (%) | 144 (21.0) | 778 (23.8) | 0.129 |
| Parity (mean (SD)) | 1.36 (1.52) | 1.37 (1.41) | 0.909 |
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2, mean (SD)) | 25.77 (5.15) | 26.37 (5.57) | 0.010 |
| Maternal obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) n (%) | 120 (17.5) | 681 (20.8) | 0.055 |
| Gestational weight gain n (%) | 0.106 | ||
| Insufficient | 327 (47.7) | 1427 (43.6) | |
| Adequate | 246 (35.9) | 1221 (37.3) | |
| Excessive | 113 (16.5) | 624 (19.1) | |
| Maternal origin n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 351 (51.2) | 1259 (38.5) | |
| Asia | 67 (9.8) | 389 (11.9) | |
| Caucasian | 268 (39.1) | 1624 (49.6) | |
| High medical risk level before pregnancya n (%) | 150 (21.9) | 383 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
| High obstetrical risk level before pregnancyb n (%) | 166 (24.2) | 909 (27.8) | 0.061 |
| Social deprivation indexc n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| 0 | 94 (13.7) | 223 (6.8) | |
| 1 | 102 (14.9) | 1394 (42.6) | |
| 2 | 181 (26.4) | 1025 (31.3) | |
| ≥ 3 | 309 (45.0) | 630 (19.3) | |
| Type of vulnerability | |||
| Social isolation n (%) | 329 (48.0) | 950 (29.0) | < 0.001 |
| Poor or insecure housing condition n (%) | 259 (37.8) | 869 (26.6) | < 0.001 |
| Not work-related household income n (%) | 481 (70.1) | 2040 (62.3) | < 0.001 |
| No permanent health care insurance n (%) | 432 (63.0) | 1605 (49.1) | < 0.001 |
| Recent immigrationd n (%) | 191 (27.8) | 162 (5.0) | < 0.001 |
| Linguistic barrier n (%) | 69 (10.1) | 423 (12.9) | 0.045 |
| Interpersonal violence during pregnancy n (%) | 373 (54.4) | 173 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
| Handicap/minor n (%) | 213 (31.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Addiction before pregnancy n (%) | 183 (26.7) | 557 (17.0) | < 0.001 |
| Addiction during pregnancy n (%) | 156 (22.7) | 423 (12.9) | < 0.001 |
| Unwanted pregnancy n (%) | 26 (3.8) | 18 (0.6) | < 0.001 |
| Prenatal care utilization | |||
| Inadequate PCUe n (%) | 181 (26.4) | 486 (14.9) | < 0.001 |
| Term of first consultation (mean (SD)) | 23.99 (7.03) | 24.50 (6.67) | 0.073 |
| Social worker intervention n (%) | 390 (57.3) | 525 (16.3) | < 0.001 |
| Addiction therapy n (%) | 38 (5.5) | 51 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
| Psychologic follow-upf n (%) | 393 (57.3) | 365 (11.2) | < 0.001 |
| Psychiatrist follow-upg n (%) | 98 (14.3) | 33 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
| Number of pregnancy consultation (mean (SD)) | 6.52 (5.65) | 5.30 (4.05) | < 0.001 |
| Number of hospitalization (mean (SD)) | 1.66 (1.46) | 1.52 (1.18) | 0.006 |
| Number of Emergency consultation (mean (SD)) | 1.69 (1.88) | 1.59 (1.79) | 0.200 |
adefined as the presence of one or more of: history of cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, Graves’ disease, asthma, homozygous sickle cell anemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorder, a rare or systemic disease, nephropathy, HIV infection, psychiatric disease
bdefined by a history of one or more of the following: pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, fetal or neonatal death
csimple sum of 4 deprivation dimensions: social isolation, poor or insecure housing condition, not work-related household income, and no permanent heath care insurance
epregnancy follow-up began after 12 weeks of gestation, or if it included less than 50% of the number of prenatal visits expected according to duration of pregnancy, or if the first-trimester ultrasound examination or both the second- and third- trimester examinations were missing
fPsychologic follow-up was performed in case of pregnancy related anxiety, depressive symptoms, or patient request for a psychologist follow-up
gPsychiatrist follow-up was performed in case of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or Schizophrenia