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. 2023 Apr 26;23:146. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02418-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Bacterial pathogens identified in respiratory bacterial co-infection and secondary infection cases with coronavirus disease 2019. a All identified organisms as a proportion of total number of organisms per pathogen in sputum culture and urinary antigen of co-infection pneumonia with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Bacterial pathogens detected in COVID-19 patients with respiratory bacterial co-infections, as a proportion (%) of the total number of isolates (n = 47). Some patients had multiple bacterial infection. In 24 cases, no causative organism was detected in sputum cultures. MRSA, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. b All identified organisms as a proportion of total number of organisms per pathogen in sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage culture of secondary infection pneumonia with COVID-19. Bacterial pathogens detected in COVID-19 patients with respiratory bacterial secondary infection, as a proportion (%) of the total number of isolates (n = 107). Some patients had more than one bacterial infection. MRSA, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus