Table 4.
Association between PA variables and the risk of incident reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterols
| No. with incident reduced HDL (N = 139, 25.9%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. at risk (N = 537) | No. incident reduced HDL (% of No. at risk) | Model 1 adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Model 2 adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Habitual PA level at baseline [min/week] | ||||||
| Low (< 75) | 29 | 11 (1.9) | ref | ref | ||
| Medium (75–149) | 125 | 31 (5.4) | 0.85 (0.41–1.74) | 0.648 | 0.86 (0.41–1.79) | 0.683 |
| High (≥ 150) | 383 | 97 (16.9) | 0.77 (0.40–1.49) | 0.442 | 0.72 (0.37–1.40) | 0.332 |
| Sports-related PA level at baseline [min/week] | ||||||
| Low (< 75) | 280 | 87 (15.2) | ref | ref | ||
| Medium (75–149) | 121 | 26 (4.5) | 0.61 (0.39–0.96) | 0.034 | 0.59 (0.37–0.95) | 0.031 |
| High (≥ 150) | 136 | 26 (4.5) | 0.63 (0.41–0.98) | 0.041 | 0.63 (0.40–0.99) | 0.048 |
| Sports-related intensity level at baseline [METh/week] {1} | ||||||
| Not intensively active (< 8.3) | 285 | 88 (15.4) | ref | ref | ||
| Moderately intensively active (8.3–16.5) | 112 | 26 (4.5) | 0.72 (0.46–1.13) | 0.149 | 0.68 (0.43–1.09) | 0.107 |
| Highly intensively active (≥ 16.6) | 139 | 25 (4.4) | 0.59 (0.37–0.93) | 0.022 | 0.58 (0.36–0.93) | 0.024 |
| Change in sports-related PA over time [min/week] {24} | ||||||
| Stable inactive (< 150– < 150) | 276 | 86 (15.0) | ref | ref | ||
| Quits activity (≥ 150– < 150) | 38 | 8 (1.4) | 0.61 (0.30–1.27) | 0.189 | 0.66 (0.32–1.38) | 0.269 |
| Starts activity (< 150– ≥ 150) | 120 | 23 (4.0) | 0.54 (0.34–0.87) | 0.011 | 0.43 (0.25–0.74) | 0.002* |
| Stable active (≥ 150– ≥ 150) | 79 | 18 (3.1) | 0.74 (0.44–1.23) | 0.245 | 0.67 (0.39–1.16) | 0.156 |
| Change in sports-related intensity level over time [METh/week] {11} | ||||||
| Stable low (< 16.6– < 16.6) | 86 | 92 (16.1) | ref | ref | ||
| Decreasing (≥ 16.6– < 16.6) | 101 | 9 (1.6) | 0.56 (0.27–1.15) | 0.114 | 0.62 (0.30–1.28) | 0.193 |
| Increasing (< 16.6– ≥ 16.6) | 50 | 17 (3.0) | 0.48 (0.28–0.81) | 0.006* | 0.43 (0.24–0.77) | 0.004* |
| Stable high (≥ 16.6– ≥ 16.6) | 289 | 16 (2.8) | 0.57 (0.33–0.98) | 0.040 | 0.55 (0.31–0.97) | 0.040 |
CI confidence interval, METh metabolic equivalent hours, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, min minutes, N number of participants, No. Number, PA physical activity, ref reference group, SES socio-economic status. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and SES; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, SES, and comorbidities with regard to MetS risk factors at study entry. {} indicates number of N missing. Significant values (p < 0.05) are in [bold]; significant values after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing are indicated by [*]