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. 2022 Dec 28;117(3):477–489. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.008

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Glycemic and insulinemic responses to control and CCP-enriched test bread. Postprandial responses are based on analysis of blood samples collected following consumption of white bread rolls containing 0% (control, n = 20), 30% (n = 20) or 60% (n = 19) cellular chickpea powder (CPP) and 50 g of available carbohydrate per serving. Time-course data show the change (relative to fasting concentrations) in postprandial plasma; (A) glucose (D) insulin , (G) C-peptide measured for 240 min. Bar charts show the integrated area under the curve (iAUC) calculated for the 1st peak (above baseline) of the time-course data for glucose (B), insulin (E) and C-peptide (H) responses. The scatter plots show the matched iAUC for individual participants for glucose (C), insulin (F) and C-peptide (I) following the consumption of each of the bread types; data points connected by a line were from the same individual. Significant time x treatment effects were detected for glucose (ABC, P < 0.001), insulin (DEF, P = 0.006), and C-peptide (GHI, P = 0.001). Data presented as means ± SEM, significance determined by mixed-effects ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc analysis; Significant differences between 0% CCP and 30% CCP (aaP < 0.01 and aaaP < 0.001), significant differences between 0% CCP and 60% CCP (bP < 0.05, bbP < 0.01 and bbbP < 0.001) and significant differences between 30% CCP and 60% CCP (cP < 0.05, and ccP < 0.01). For iAUC values; ns P > 0.05, ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001. Color legend is the same for all panels.