Fig. 2. Aminoglycoside interaction networks with h44 residues in the decoding center. (A) The 4,6-DOS aminoglycoside amikacin (PDB: 6YPU) and (B) 4,5-DOS aminoglycoside paromomycin (PDB: 7K00) bind in the A site on the 30S ribosomal subunit, and they both interact directly with conserved decoding nucleotides (A1492 and A1493) and the targets of the aminoglycoside-resistance 16S rRNA methyltransferases (G1405 and A1408). Interaction with G1405 is different for the two DOS aminoglycoside groups, whereas A1408 is close to the neamine core for both. For clarity, only the noted residues of interest and their direct interactions (dashed lines) with the aminoglycosides (yellow) are shown. All structure images were prepared using PyMol.