Table 7.
Effect of self-esteem and psychotic symptoms at tn-1 on self-esteem at tn by group and modified by childhood traumaa.
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Patients | Relatives | Controls | Wald test for interaction |
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Adjusted βb (95% CI) |
P value |
Adjusted β (95% CI) |
P value |
Adjusted β (95% CI) |
P value |
χ2 (df) |
P valuec |
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| Psychotic Experiences tn-1 |
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Emotional abuse | 0.52 (2) | .47 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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High (mean + 1 SD) | −.09 (−0.22 to 0.05) | .20 | −.09 (−0.12 to −0.06) | <.001 | −.13 (−0.27 to 0.00) | .06 |
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Average (mean) | −.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | .001 | −.11 (−0.14 to −0.08) | <.001 | −.08 (−0.15 to −0.02) | .02 |
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Low (mean − 1 SD) | −.09 (−0.19 to −0.00) | .046 | −.13 (−0.18 to −0.09) | <.001 | −.03 (−0.13 to −0.07) | .51 |
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High versus low | .01 (−0.20 to 0.21) | .96 | .04 (−0.01 to 0.10) | .09 | −.10 (−0.29 to −0.10) | .33 |
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Physical abuse | 0.04 (2) | .84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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High (mean + 1 SD) | −.07 (−0.21 to 0.07) | .32 | −.10 (−0.13 to −0.07) | <.001 | −.04 (−0.15 to 0.07) | .46 |
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Average (mean) | −.09 (−0.14 to −0.03) | .002 | −.10 (−0.13 to −0.08) | <.001 | −.07 (−0.13 to −0.01) | .03 |
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Low (mean − 1 SD) | −.10 (−0.20 to −0.01) | .03 | −.11 (−0.15 to −0.07) | <.001 | −.10 (−0.20 to −0.00) | .04 |
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High versus low | .03 (−0.17 to 0.24) | .75 | −.01 (−0.03 to 0.06) | .48 | .06 (−0.11 to 0.22) | .48 |
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Sexual abuse | 0.02 (2) | .88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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High (mean + 1 SD) | −.07 (−0.19 to 0.05) | .24 | −.10 (−0.13 to −0.07) | <.001 | −.06 (−0.15 to −0.02) | .15 |
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Average (mean) | −.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | <.001 | −.10 (−0.13 to −0.07) | <.001 | −.07 (−0.13 to −0.01) | .03 |
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Low (mean − 1 SD) | −.11 (−0.20 to −0.01) | .03 | −.10 (−0.14 to −0.07) | <.001 | −.08 (−0.16 to 0.00) | .055 |
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High versus low | .03 (−0.16 to 0.23) | .72 | .00 (−0.04 to 0.04) | .85 | .02 (−0.09 to 0.13) | .75 |
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Emotional neglect | 0.00 (2) | .99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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High (mean + 1 SD) | −.10 (−0.17 to −0.02) | .01 | −.10 (−0.14 to −0.06) | <.001 | −.08 (−0.19 to 0.04) | .18 |
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Average (mean) | −.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | <.001 | −.10 (−0.13 to −0.08) | <.001 | −.07 (−0.14 to −0.01) | .03 |
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Low (mean − 1 SD) | −.08 (−0.15 to −0.02) | .01 | −.11 (−0.15 to −0.06) | <.001 | −.07 (−0.16 to −0.03) | .18 |
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High versus low | −.02 (−0.12 to 0.08) | .76 | .01 (−0.05 to 0.07) | .83 | −.01 (−0.18 to 0.15) | .87 |
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Physical neglect | 0.48 (2) | .49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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High (mean + 1 SD) | −.09 (−0.16 to −0.01) | .02 | −.10 (−0.13 to −0.07) | <.001 | −.00 (−0.19 to 0.18) | .96 |
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Average (mean) | −.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | <.001 | −.11 (−0.14 to −0.08) | <.001 | −.06 (−0.13 to 0.02) | .12 |
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Low (mean − 1 SD) | −.09 (−0.16 to −0.03) | .006 | −.12 (−0.16 to −0.07) | <.001 | −.11 (−0.22 to 0.00) | .05 |
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High versus low | .01 (−0.09 to 0.11) | .89 | .02 (−0.03 to 0.07) | .41 | −.11 (−0.16 to 0.37) | .43 |
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aAdjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, level of education, and marital status.
bAdjusted β, standardized regression coefficients (continuous independent variables were standardized [mean 0, SD 1] for interpreting significant three-way interaction terms and examining the difference in associations between high [mean + 1 SD], average [mean], and low [mean−1 SD] levels of childhood trauma within and across groups [patients, relatives, and controls]).
cFamily-wise error-corrected P values were computed by multiplying the unadjusted P value by the total number of tests to adjust significance levels of Wald tests for three-way interactions.