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. 2023 Mar 27;9:e43792. doi: 10.2196/43792

Table 3.

Results of multiple logistic regression analyses regarding the effect of item quality on scoring results (≥0.6 vs <0.6 credit points).

Method number Pick-N Multiple-True-False

Use of inappropriate item type (yes vs no) Presence of cues (yes vs no) Use of inappropriate item type (yes vs no) Presence of cues (yes vs no)

ORa (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value
1 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
2 0.250 (0.092-0.574) .002 1.887 (0.938-3.982) .08 0.983 (0.446-2.393) .97 2.365 (1.015-6.460) .06
3 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
4 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
5 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
6 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
7 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
8 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
9 N/Ab N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
10 0.250 (0.092-0.574) .002 1.887 (0.938-3.982) .08 0.983 (0.446-2.393) .97 2.365 (1.015-6.460) .06
11 0.250 (0.092-0.574) .002 1.887 (0.938-3.982) .08 0.983 (0.446-2.393) .97 2.365 (1.015-6.460) .06
12 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
13 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
14 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
15 N/A >.99 N/A >.99 N/A >.99 N/A >.99
16 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
17 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
18 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
19 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
20 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
21 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
22 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 2.103 (1.300-3.538) .003 5.432 (3.231-9.730) <.001
23 0.489 (0.379-0.629) <.001 1.364 (1.074-1.737) .01 2.482 (1.501-4.310) .001 5.349 (3.178-9.590) <.001
24 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
25 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
26 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
27 0.480 (0.371-0.616) <.001 1.394 (1.098-1.775) .007 4.776 (2.401-10.911) <.001 3.799 (2.227-6.877) <.001
28 0.486 (0.376-0.625) <.001 1.374 (1.082-1.750) .009 3.802 (1.957-8.320) <.001 6.537 (3.393-14.220) <.001
29 0.250 (0.092-0.574) .002 1.887 (0.938-3.982) .08 0.927 (0.544-1.635) .79 2.776 (1.540-5.382) .001
30 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 2.993 (2.027-4.494) <.001 6.977 (4.743-10.515) <.001
31 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 2.993 (2.027-4.494) <.001 6.977 (4.743-10.515) <.001
32 0.250 (0.092-0.574) .002 1.887 (0.938-3.982) .08 0.625 (0.420-0.940) .02 0.451 (0.314-0.644) <.001
33 0.489 (0.379-0.629) <.001 1.364 (1.074-1.737) .01 1.331 (0.788-2.346) .30 3.679 (2.065-7.074) <.001
34 0.480 (0.371-0.616) <.001 1.394 (1.098-1.775) .007 1.271 (0.878-1.867) .21 0.849 (0.618-1.169) .31
35 0.480 (0.371-0.616) <.001 1.394 (1.098-1.775) .007 4.335 (2.247-9.441) <.001 3.427 (2.054-6.020) <.001
36 0.250 (0.092-0.574) .002 1.887 (0.938-3.982) .08 0.625 (0.420-0.940) .02 0.451 (0.314-0.644) <.001
37 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 1.778 (1.273-2.496) .001 2.296 (1.707-3.100) <.001
38 0.480 (0.371-0.616) <.001 1.394 (1.098-1.775) .007 5.724 (3.167-11.441) <.001 0.869 (0.614-1.235) .43
39 0.559 (0.445-0.701) <.001 0.870 (0.702-1.080) .21 1.864 (1.331-2.626) <.001 2.395 (1.777-3.244) <.001
40 0.553 (0.440-0.693) <.001 0.882 (0.711-1.094) .25 0.964 (0.662-1.421) .85 2.485 (1.704-3.694) <.001
41 0.480 (0.371-0.616) <.001 1.394 (1.098-1.775) .007 0.984 (0.655-1.504) .94 1.975 (1.325-3.006) .001

aOR: odds ratio.

bN/A: not applicable.