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. 2023 Apr 7;7:e42207. doi: 10.2196/42207

Table 3.

Comparison between body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and physical appearance comparison with length of daily use of Instagram adjusted by gender, employment status, educational level, number of accounts followed, and number of stories published weekly.

Questionnaire Daily duration of Instagram use β (95% CI)a P value
Body dissatisfaction (BSQb)

Between 1 hour and 3 hours 7.75 (1.08 to 14.42) .02
More than 3 hours 28.08 (15.81 to 40.35) <.001
Self-esteem

Between 1 hour and 3 hours –0.03 (–1.11 to 1.04) .95

More than 3 hours –2.84 (–4.82 to –0.86) .005
PACS-Rc

Between 1 hour and 3 hours 2.22 (0.41 to 4.40) .046

More than 3 hours 5.91 (1.90 to 9.92) .004

aReference category: <1 hour.

bBSQ: Body Shape Questionnaire.

cPACS-R: Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised.