Table 4.

A multigroup analysis of patients with cancer receiving treatment during and before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Paths		Estimate (β; group A-B)		t test (group A-B)	P value (group A-B)
Direct effects
	Social isolation → negative self-perception	.01		0.09	.92
	Social isolation → mental health	.11		0.92	.36
	Poor communication with care provider → negative self-perception	−.13		1.24	.24
	Poor communication with care provider → mental health	.05		0.56	.58
	Negative self-perception → mental health	−.21		2.23	.03
	Age → mental health	.03		0.35	.72
	Age → negative self-perception	−.07		0.79	.43
	Annual income → mental health	.03		0.34	.73
	Annual income → negative self-perception	.03		0.33	.74
	Education level → mental health	−.02		0.22	.83
	Education level → negative self-perception	.09		1.02	.31
Specific indirect effects
	Poor communication with care provider → negative self-perception → mental health	−.01	0.18		.86
	Social isolation → negative self-perception → mental health	−.06	2.01		.04
	Age → negative self-perception → mental health	−.01	0.69		.49
	Education level → negative self-perception → mental health	.01	0.67		.50
	Annual income → negative self-perception → mental health	.02	1.22		.22