Figure 7.

Printing performance of the F3DB with different materials and shapes on various surfaces. a) Printing of liquid chocolate with three‐layered rectangular and circular shapes on a flat surface (left panel) and fresh porcine kidney (right panel). b,c) 3D printing of gel composite made from cationic polymers, silicones, alcohol, and olive oil on a flat surface with three layers i), five layers ii), and seven layers iii). d) 3D printing of gel composite on a flat surface with different shapes and layers. e) Circular printing of liquid chocolate on a flat surface with concentric filling (left panel) and multisite printing of liquid chocolate (right panel) on a flat surface (top figures) and a fresh porcine kidney (bottom figures). f) In situ 3D printing of two‐layered liquid chocolate inside a colon phantom (transverse colon segment). (Top right panel) Insertion process of the F3DB into the colon channel to reach the target site within the transverse colon segment via the anal canal and rectum. (Bottom right panel) In situ printing process of the two‐layered rectangular shape onto the inner surface of the colon phantom.