Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants by disease status in the China Kadoorie Biobank and Changzhou cohort.
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China Kadoorie Biobank | Changzhou cohort | ||||||
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ECa case (n=2550) | Not an EC case (n=507,595) | Total (N=510,145) | EC case (n=114) | Not an EC case (n=18,327) | Total (N=18,441) | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 60.7 (8.7) | 52.0 (10.7) | 52.0 (10.7) | 60.9 (9.1) | 51.1 (12.1) | 51.2 (12.1) | ||
| Male, n (%) | 1757 (68.9) | 207,477 (40.9) | 209,234 (41) | 77 (67.5) | 7611 (41.5) | 7688 (41.7) | ||
| Urban, n (%) | 468 (18.4) | 224,300 (44.2) | 224,768 (44.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| High-risk areab, n (%) | 1692 (66.4) | 116,715 (23) | 118,407 (23.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Family history of cancer, n (%) | 720 (28.2) | 84,948 (16.7) | 85,668 (16.8) | 26 (22.8) | 3354 (18.3) | 3380 (18.3) | ||
| High level of physical activityc, n (%) | 565 (22.2) | 126,739 (25) | 127,304 (25) | —d | — | — | ||
| Highest education, n (%) | ||||||||
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Illiterate or primary school | 1917 (75.2) | 257,088 (50.6) | 259,005 (50.8) | 70 (61.4) | 8372 (45.7) | 8442 (45.8) | |
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Middle or high school | 598 (23.5) | 220,780 (43.5) | 221,378 (43.4) | 43 (37.7) | 9841 (53.7) | 9884 (53.6) | |
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College or university | 35 (1.4) | 29,727 (5.9) | 29,762 (5.8) | 1 (0.9) | 114 (0.6) | 115 (0.6) | |
| Current smoking (cigarettes or equivalent per day), n (%) | ||||||||
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<30 | 979 (38.4) | 114,815 (22.6) | 115,794 (22.7) | 49 (43) | 4230 (23.1) | 4279 (23.2) | |
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≥30 | 235 (9.2) | 19,155 (3.8) | 19,390 (3.8) | 8 (7) | 713 (3.9) | 721 (3.9) | |
| Daily alcohol use (grams of pure alcohol per day), n (%) | ||||||||
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<30 | 70 (2.7) | 11,503 (2.3) | 11,573 (2.3) | 9 (7.9) | 1123 (6.1) | 1132 (6.1) | |
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30-59 | 161 (6.3) | 14,884 (2.9) | 15,045 (2.9) | 9 (7.9) | 1049 (5.7) | 1058 (5.7) | |
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≥60 | 386 (15.1) | 19,085 (3.8) | 19,471 (3.8) | 31 (29) | 1956 (10.7) | 1989 (10.8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||||||
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<18.5 | 175 (6.9) | 21,965 (4.3) | 22,140 (4.3) | 4 (3.5) | 984 (5.4) | 988 (5.4) | |
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18.5-23.9 | 1482 (58.1) | 263,169 (51.8) | 264,651 (51.9) | 76 (66.7) | 9967 (54.4) | 10,043 (54.4) | |
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≥24.0 | 893 (35) | 222,461 (43.8) | 223,354 (43.8) | 34 (29.8) | 7376 (40.3) | 7410 (40.2) | |
| Tea temperature preference, n (%) | ||||||||
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Not daily drinker/warm tea drinker | 2090 (82) | 426,628 (84) | 428,718 (84) | — | — | — | |
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Hot tea | 311 (12.2) | 59,425 (11.7) | 59,736 (11.7) | — | — | — | |
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Burning hot tea | 149 (5.8) | 21,542 (4.2) | 21,691 (4.3) | — | — | — | |
| Fresh fruit consumptione, n (%) | ||||||||
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Daily | 165 (6.5) | 95,715 (18.9) | 95,880 (18.8) | 4 (3.5) | 813 (4.4) | 817 (4.4) | |
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Weekly | 658 (25.8) | 207,716 (40.9) | 208,374 (40.8) | 98 (86) | 15,921 (86.9) | 16,019 (86.9) | |
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Less than weekly | 1727 (67.7) | 204,164 (40.2) | 205,891 (40.4) | 12 (10.5) | 1591 (8.7) | 1603 (8.7) | |
aEC: esophageal cancer.
bHigh-risk area denotes Hui county in Henan province and Pengzhou in Sichuan province in our study.
cHigh-level physical activity was defined as age-specific and sex-specific upper quarter of total physical activity level measured by metabolic equivalent of task-hours per day.
dNot available.
eData on the fresh fruit consumption of 2 participants in the Changzhou cohort were missing.