Table 1.
Molecular characterization of samples with ESC-R-Ec and Col-R-Ec isolates with ESBL and/or mcr genes
|
Sample origin |
Farm size |
N |
Samples with ESBL-Ec |
Samples with Ec with mcr genes |
Samples with ESBL-Ec only |
Samples with Ec with mcr only |
Samples with Ec with ESBL and mcr (different isolates)* |
Samples with Ec with ESBL and mcr (identical isolate)† |
Total‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Human Farmers |
|||||||||
|
Pig farmers |
69 |
36 (52.2 %) |
22 (31.9 %) |
21 (30.4 %) |
7 (10.1 %) |
8 (11.6 %) |
7 (10.1 %) |
43 (62.3 %) |
|
|
Chicken farmers |
155 |
58 (37.4 %) |
48 (31.0 %) |
26 (16.8 %) |
16 (10.3 %) |
24 (15.5 %) |
8 (5.1 %) |
74 (47.7 %) |
|
|
Control group |
61 |
19 (31.1 %) |
15 (24.6 %) |
10 (16.4 %) |
6 (9.8 %) |
7 (11.5 %) |
2 (3.3 %) |
25 (41.0 %) |
|
|
Total |
285 |
113 (42.0 %) |
75 (26.3 %) |
57 (20.0 %) |
29 (10.25) |
39 (13.7 %) |
17 (6.0 %) |
142 (49.8 %) |
|
|
Animals |
|||||||||
|
Pigs |
Very small |
169 |
99 (58.6 %) |
71 (42.0 %) |
46 (27.2 %) |
18 (10.7 %) |
18 (10.7 %) |
35 (20.7 %) |
117 (69.2 %) |
|
Pigs |
Small |
100 |
65 (65 %) |
41 (41 %) |
35 (35 %) |
11 (11 %) |
15 (15 %) |
15 (15 %) |
76 (76 %) |
|
Total |
269 |
164 (61.0 % |
112 (41.6 %) |
81 (30.1 %) |
29 (10.8 %) |
33 (12.3 %) |
50 (18.6 %) |
193 (71.7 %) |
|
|
Chickens |
Very small |
218 |
17 (7.8 %) |
23 (10.6 %) |
2 (0.9 %) |
8 (3.7 %) |
1 (0.5 %) |
14 (6.4 %) |
25 (11.4 %) |
|
Chickens |
Small |
100 |
18 (18 %) |
4 (4 %) |
17 (17 %) |
3 (3 %) |
0 |
1 (1 %) |
21 (21 %) |
|
Total |
318 |
35 (11.0 %) |
27 (8.5 %) |
19 (6.0 %) |
11 (3.5 %) |
1 (0.3 %) |
15 (4.7 %) |
46 (14.4 %) |
|
|
Rodents |
None |
196 |
4 (2.0 %) |
4 (2.0 %) |
3 (1.5 %) |
3 (1.5 %) |
0 |
1 (0.5 %) |
7 (3.6 %) |
*Each sample was screened independently for Col-R-Ec and ESC-R-Ec. Therefore, the detection of multiple isolates in samples was feasible. Each isolate has been sequenced.
†This could be as the genes are a) on the same plasmid, b) one on the chromosome and one on a plasmid or c) on two different plasmids.
‡'Total' includes all samples with Ec with mcr and/or ESBL genes.