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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 26.
Published in final edited form as: Transl Res. 2020 Mar 16;220:98–113. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.009

Table 2. Formulations of HDTs in development against select intracellular bacteria.

PLGA, poly lactic acid glycolic acid; Ace-DEX, acetalated dextran.

Bacteria Formulation Fabrication Method HDT Drug Type Formulation Delivery Route Combination Therapy Ref
M.tb PLGA Particles Spray drying Nitazoxanide Small molecule Intranasal Isoniazid and rifabutin 26
M. tb PLGA Particles Spray drying All-trans retinoic acid Small molecule Intratracheal Rifampicin 27
M. tb PLGA Particles Double emulsion, solvent evaporation Magainin-I analog peptide Peptide Intranasal Isoniazid 28
M. tb PLGA Particles Double emulsion, solvent evaporation N/A N/A N/A N/A 29
M. tb Liposomes Inverted emulsion Phosphatidic acid Lipids Intranasal Isoniazid 30
E. Coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Acinetobacter baumannii 		Liposomes Inverted emulsion Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate
Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate
Phosphatidic acid
Arachidonic acid
Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Lysobisphosphatidic acid		 Lipids  N/A  N/A 31
E.coli PLGA Particles HHC10 Peptide N/A N/A 32
E.coli Alginate Particles Mannuronic acid in alginate  N/A N/A N/A 33
F. tularensis Ace-DEX Particles  Emulsion AR-12 Small molecule Intranasal Gentamicin 34
S. Typhimurium Ace-DEX Particles  Emulsion AR-12 Small molecule N/A N/A 35
S. Typhi Ace-DEX Particles  Emulsion AR-12 Small molecule Intranasal N/A 36