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. 2023 Apr 26;23:268. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08214-y

Table 1.

Number of respondents, number of survey responses, and characteristics of survey responses

All UK BE NL DE G123b
No. respondents 96,456 46,779 4423 3643 6427 35,184
No. responses 463,336 217,500 39,620 24,601 50,018 131,597
Age (%)
 18–29 13.8 13.3 12.6 16.6 10.9 15.5
 30–39 15.7 15.9 12.8 15.2 13.4 17.2
 40–49 16.7 16.6 17.3 15.8 11.6 19.0
 50–59 19.7 19.9 20.3 18.1 21.9 18.6
 60–69 22.2 21.6 24.9 22.8 29.1 19.7
 70 or above 11.8 12.6 12.2 11.5 13.1 10.0
Gender (%)
 Female 52.4 55.9 50.0 50.1 47.4 49.8
 Male 47.6 44.1 50.0 49.9 52.6 50.2
Household characteristics
 Living with at least one 65b years (%) 19.3 18.8 20.9 17.8 20.5 19.6
 Mean household size 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.6
Risk perceptiona (%)
 Catching coronavirus 5.3 4.2 4.2 5.3 4.7 7.7
 Serious illness from coronavirus 16.4 14.3 19.9 25.2 19.8 16.1
 Spreading coronavirus to vulnerable persons 22.0 19.4 20.2 26.3 26.8 24.2
Risk or risk mitigation (%)
 Used face covering 64.0 58.2 61.4 34.3 75.8 75.4
 Vaccinated 20.7 24.7 15.7 23.6 17.0 16.3
 Self-reported high-risk status 30.3 30.1 27.1 36.0 38.1 27.7
Presentation of symptoms (%)
 Fever 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.6
 Cough 4.9 5.6 4.6 3.5 1.5 5.4
 Shortness of breath 3.0 3.2 2.8 3.3 4.1 2.3
 Headache or body ache 14.9 15.6 12.7 10.9 14.6 15.2
 Congestion 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.1 8.3
 Sore throat 4.4 5.1 4.1 3.7 3.3 3.9
 Fatigue or tiredness 6.1 7.3 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.0
 Any symptomsc 25.6 26.7 23.3 21.4 24.0 26.0

aParticipants answered a series of questions about their risk perception with Likert scale response options. Answers of “Strongly agree” are shown here

bIndividual countries shown in Supplementary Material II

cAny symptoms including fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache or body ache, congestion, sore throat, fatigue or tiredness, loss of taste or smell, and diarrhoea