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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 28.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Gerontol. 2022 Oct 8;46(5):759–766. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2130123

Table 1.

Baseline sociodemographic characteristics of cohort by ruralitya.

Variable Full sample
(N=100)
Urban
(N=35)
Large rural
(N=34)
Small rural
(N=31)
Age, M (SD) 71.2 (6.5) 71.3 (7.0) 70.0 (5.4) 72.3 (6.9)
Education (yrs), M (SD) 14.7 (2.2) 14.8 (2.3) 15.1 (2.0) 14.0 (2.1)
Female, No. (%) 41 (41%) 15 (43%) 14 (41%) 12 (39%)
Race, No. (%)
 White 93 (93%) 32 (91%) 30 (88%) 31 (100%)
 Non-White 7 (7%) 3 (9%) 4 (12%) 0 (0%)
Single, No. (%) 19 (19%) 5 (14%) 10 (29%) 4 (13%)
Cognitive impairment, No. (%) 39 (40%) 12 (38%) 14 (41%) 14 (42%)
Geriatric Depression score, M (SD) 1.7 (2.0) 1.5 (2.1) 1.5 (1.6) 1.9 (2.3)
Weekly Online Health Formb, No. (%)
 Blue mood 23 (23%) 10 (29) 9 (26) 4 (13)
 Loneliness 21 (21%) 9 (26) 8 (24) 4 (13)
 Overnight visitors 48 (48%) 12 (34) 20 (59) 16 (52)
 Travel away from home 60 (60%) 18 (51) 26 (76) 16 (52)
 Hospitalization/ED visit 26 (26%) 11 (31) 5 (15) 10 (32)
 Physical health limitations 61 (61%) 25 (71) 19 (56) 17 (55)
a

Rurality based on RUCA score: Urban=1–3; Large rural=4–6; Small rural=7–10.

b

Prevalence of ever reporting during study time period (each participant counted only once, irrespective of number of individual reports).

Abbreviations: RUCA, Rural-urban commuting area score (U.S. Census-based)