Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study participants
| Variable | Male (n = 31) | Female (n = 75) | Total (N = 106) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age†(y) | 77.81 ± 7.71 | 77.33 ± 7.01 | 77.47 ± 7.19 |
| 65–74‡ | 12 (38.7) | 29 (38.7) | 41 (38.7) |
| ≥ 75‡ | 19 (61.3) | 46 (61.3) | 65 (61.3) |
| Educational level‡ | |||
| Elementary or below | 14 (45.2) | 44 (59.5) | 58 (54.7) |
| Junior high school | 3 (9.7) | 11 (14.7) | 14 (13.2) |
| Senior high school | 8 (25.8) | 16 (21.3) | 24 (22.6) |
| College/university or above | 6 (19.4) | 3 (4.0) | 9 (8.5) |
| Marital status‡ | |||
| Single/widowed/divorced/ separated | 10 (32.3) | 47 (62.7) | 57 (53.8) |
| Married | 21 (67.7) | 26 (34.7) | 47 (44.3) |
| Currently employed‡ | |||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (0.9) |
| No | 31 (100) | 74 (98.7) | 105 (99.1) |
| Financial status‡ | |||
| Rich | 1 (3.2) | 1(1.3) | 2 (1.9) |
| Average | 29 (93.5) | 70 (93.3) | 99 (93.4) |
| Poor | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (3.8) |
| Other | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) |
| Smoking‡ | |||
| Yes | 3 (9.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.8) |
| No | 28 (90.3) | 73 (9.3) | 101 (95.3) |
| Drinking‡ | |||
| Yes | 3 (9.7) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (3.8) |
| No | 27 (87.1) | 73 (97.3) | 100 (92.5) |
| Falls in the last 12 months‡ | |||
| Yes | 3 (9.7)) | 22 (29.3) | 25 (23.6) |
| No | 28 (90.3) | 53 (70.7) | 81 (76.4) |
| CCI† | 1.06 ± 1.21 | 0.71 ± 1.05 | 0.81 ± 1.11 |
| Frailty status‡ | |||
| Robust | 5 (16.1) | 15 (20.0) | 20 (18.9) |
| Pre-frail | 22 (71.0) | 40 (53.3) | 62 (58.5) |
| Frail | 4 (12.9) | 20 (26.7) | 24 (22.6) |
Values presented as †mean ± standard deviation; ‡number (%)
CCI Charlson comorbidity index