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. 2023 Apr 19;616(7958):822–827. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05961-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 4 — a–c, (Left panels) observation and interpretation illustrations of (right panels) kymographs of cohesin-mediated DNA loop extrusion encountering N-terminally oriented CTCF (cyan) labelled with Janelia Fluor 646 (JF646). DNA loops were visualized by Sytox Orange stain. Scale bar, 2 µm. (a) Growth of the DNA loop stops upon encountering CTCF at timepoints ~ 12 – 18 s, 22 – 40 s and 82 – 95 s. (b) The DNA loop continues to grow upon encountering CTCF at 31 s, and CTCF passes into the loop and translocates with it. (c) The growing loop encounters CTCF at 28 s. CTCF and the growing DNA loop move towards the lower DNA tether point, indicating extrusion on the side facing away from CTCF.