Table 1.
Levels of Nutrient Intake from Foods and Supplements among Adult survivors of Childhood Cancer and Community Controls
| Nutrients1 | Prevalence of Supplement Use (n=2927) (%, 95% CI) | P value1 | Nutrient Intake from Foods (n=2927) (Mean ± SE) | P Value1 | Nutrient Intake from Supplements Among Users (n=1146) (Mean ± SE) | P value1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childhood Cancer Survivors (n=2,570) | Community Controls (n=357) | Childhood Cancer Survivors (n=2,570) | Community Controls (n=357) | Childhood Cancer Survivors (n=984) | Community Controls (n=162) | ||||
| Any supplement use 2 | 38.3 (36.4–40.2) | 45.4 (40.2–50.6) | 0.06 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| MVM supplement use 3 | 30.2 (28.4–31.9) | 37.3 (32.2–42.3) | 0.05 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Supplement use of individual nutrients 4 | |||||||||
| Vitamin A (RAE, μg/d) | 30.7 (28.9–32.4) | 35.9 (30.9–40.9) | 0.21 | 823.3 ± 10.5 | 779.6 ± 21.3 | 0.24 | 1576.7 ± 39.3 | 1513.4 ± 84.6 | 0.78 |
| Beta-carotene (μg/d) | 27.6 (25.9–29.3) | 32.2 (27.3–37.1) | 0.27 | 3912.2 ± 72.4 | 4327.2 ± 186.1 | 0.12 | 2562.6 ± 215.4 | 1625.1 ± 382.4 | 0.19 |
| Thiamin (mg/d) | 32.0 (30.2–33.8) | 39.5 (34.4–44.6) | 0.11 | 1.6 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.04 | 0.07 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 0.65 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 32.0 (30.2–33.8) | 39.5 (34.4–44.6) | 0.11 | 2.2 ± 0.02 | 2.0 ±0.05 | 0.11 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 0.65 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 32.0 (30.2–33.8) | 39.5 (34.4–44.6) | 0.11 | 23.4 ± 0.3 | 21.2 ± 0.6 | 0.10 | 35.8 ± 1.3 | 44.3 ± 3.7 | 0.65 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/d) | 32.0 (30.2–33.8) | 39.5 (34.4–44.6) | 0.11 | 2.0 ± 0.02 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 0.19 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 0.78 |
| Folate (DFE, μg/d) | 32.8 (31.0–34.6) | 39.8 (34.7–44.9) | 0.12 | 542.1 ± 6.2 | 519.2 ± 14.3 | 0.53 | 814.2 ± 18.9 | 862.31 ± 51.3 | 0.99 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/d) | 32.0 (30.2–33.8) | 39.5 (34.4–44.6) | 0.11 | 5.8 ± 0.08 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 0.05 | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 7.6 ± 0.5 | 0.80 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 35.4 (33.6–37.3) | 42.6 (37.4–47.7) | 0.12 | 108.5 ± 1.6 | 94.8 ± 3.1 | 0.05 | 323.3 ± 14.4 | 244.9 ± 20.2 | 0.003 |
| Vitamin D (IU/d) | 34.1 (32.3–36.0) | 40.9 (35.8–46.0) | 0.12 | 165.4 ± 2.6 | 141.1 ± 6.4 | 0.003 | 334.6 ± 6.2 | 342.3 ± 15.9 | 0.80 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 33.1 (31.3–34.9) | 39.8 (34.7–44.9) | 0.14 | 8.1 ± 0.1 | 8.2 ± 0.2 | 0.42 | 29.9 ± 2.0 | 21.7 ± 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 34.1 (32.3–35.9) | 38.4 (33.3–43.4) | 0.38 | 906.3 ± 9.6 | 806.2 ± 20.3 | 0.003 | 494.1 ± 14.1 | 377.0 ± 30.2 | 0.002 |
| Selenium (μg/d) | 29.8 (28.1–31.6) | 35.9 (30.9–40.9) | 0.15 | 108.8 ± 1.3 | 97.8 ±2.7 | 0.08 | 32.8 ± 1.5 | 36.2 ± 4.3 | 0.80 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 30.8 (29.0–32.6) | 35.6 (30.6–40.6) | 0.27 | 14.9 ± 0.2 | 13.4 ± 0.3 | 0.05 | 26.5 ± 0.9 | 26.4 ± 2.2 | 0.80 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 30.4 (28.6–32.1) | 37.0 (31.9–42.0) | 0.12 | 12.6 ± 0.2 | 11.3 ± 0.3 | 0.10 | 18.7 ± 0.6 | 18.9 ± 1.6 | 0.80 |
| Copper (mg/d) | 29.6 (27.8–31.4) | 35.3 (30.3–40.3) | 0.18 | 1.4 ± 0.01 | 1.4 ± 0.03 | 0.42 | 1.5 ± 0.03 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.80 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 27.1 (25.4–28.8) | 32.2 (27.3–37.1) | 0.21 | 308.0 ± 3.2 | 296.2 ± 7.0 | 0.44 | 75.1 ± 1.2 | 75.9 ± 2.7 | 0.80 |
| Omega-3 fatty acids (g/d) | 11.8 (10.5–13.0) | 16.5 (12.7–20.4) | 0.11 | 1.7 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.02 | 0.99 |
| Omega-6 fatty acids (g/d) | 11.8 (10.5–13.0) | 16.5 (12.7–20.4) | 0.11 | 15.6 ± 0.2 | 14.2 ±0.4 | 0.05 | 0.1 ± 0.002 | 0.1 ± 0.004 | 0.99 |
Abbreviations: MVM, multivitamin/mineral
1.
Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. All comparisons were adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR). P values < 0.05 were bolded.
2.
Any supplement use was defined as the use of multiple vitamins or single vitamins, not including prenatal vitamin use.
3.
MVM supplement use was defined as containing 3 or more vitamins with or without minerals. B-complex vitamin use was considered as one type of multivitamin use.
4.
Individual supplements included the ingredients as single supplements and as part of MVM.