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. 2023 Apr 26;14:2408. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37879-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a, b Multivariate Cox regression analyses testing the prognostic value of the colocalisation between cancer cells and lymphocytes as a continuous variable for overall survival in melanoma, n = 88 (a) and prostate canine cancers, n = 12 (b). Other variables included are age and AI-based lymphocyte percentage (see Methods). The same multivariate model but incorporating the colocalisation between cancer cells and lymphocytes as a dichotomised variable using the upper three quartiles as high group, lower quartile as low group, determined individually for melanoma (c), and prostate (d) canine tumours. LQ, lower quartile, HR, hazard ratio, CI, confidence interval, VIF, variance inflation factor. Kaplan–Meier curves illustrating the difference in overall survival according to the colocalisation between cancer cells and lymphocytes, dichotomised into high (upper three quartiles) and low (lower quartile) groups, in melanoma (e), and prostate (f) canine tumours. Higher tumour-immune colocalisation is associated with a better prognosis in melanoma patients. For prostate cancer, the same trend is observed (see Methods), although non-significant.