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. 2023 Apr 26;13:6785. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33783-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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EQ5D-5L dimensions. Each of the five dimensions of the EQ5D-5L displayed as the percentage of patients within the respective category at the 3- and 12-month follow-ups. More than half of ICU patients were limited in their mobility with severe problems in 23% vs. 7% in non-ICU patients. In non-ICU patients 56% had no mobility problems vs. 41% in ICU patients. Moderate or slight problems in self-care were more common in ICU patients. However, in both ICU and non-ICU patients around 80% reported no problems after 12 months. Nevertheless, 15% of ICU patients had severe problems to perform their usual activities compared to 2% in non-ICU patients. Only 25% of the ICU patients reported no problems, compared to 53% in non-ICU patients after 12-months. Extreme pain was not observed in any group, while severe pain was present in 7% of both ICU and non-ICU patients. However, moderate pain remained in 37% of ICU patients compared to only 7% in non-ICU patients. Anxiety/depression was reported in similar percentages in both groups along all categories, with 10 to 11% having severe or extreme problems in total.