Table 3.
Questionnaire results testing for perceived stress, fatigue, and posttraumatic stress symptoms at the 12-month follow-up.
| Parameter | Non-ICU | ICU | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12-month follow-up | |||
| PSS-10 (score) | (N = 38) | (N = 30) | |
| In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly? | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life? | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–3) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt nervous and stressed? | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? | 5 (4–5) | 4.5 (3–5) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt that things were going your way? | 4 (4–5) | 4 (3–4) | |
| In the last month, how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do? | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–3) | |
| In the last month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life? | 4 (3–5) | 3 (3–4) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things? | 5 (4–5) | 3 (3–5) | |
| In the last month, how often have you been angered because of things that happened that were outside of your control? | 3 (2–3) | 3 (-3) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them? | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | |
| Total | 19 (14–24) | 20 (17–29.75) | 0.0547 |
| Score ≥ 27 n (%) | 7 (18) | 9 (30) | 0.2637 |
| Score ≤ 13 n (%) | 9 (24) | 1 (3) | 0.0186 |
| FACIT-F (score) | (N = 38) | (N = 30) | |
| I feel fatigued | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | |
| I feel weak all over | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | |
| I feel listless (“washed out”) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | |
| I feel tired | 0 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | |
| I have trouble starting things because I am tired | 1 (0–2) | 0.5 (0–2) | |
| I have trouble finishing things because I am tired | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | |
| I have energy | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | |
| I am able to do my usual activities | 4 (2–4) | 3 (1–4) | |
| I need to sleep during the day | 1 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | |
| I am too tired to eat | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | |
| I need help doing my usual activities | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2) | |
| I am frustrated by being too tired to do the things I want to do | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | |
| I have to limit my social activity because I am tired | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | |
| Total | 42 (33–50) | 36 (23.5–47) | 0.3268 |
| Score ≤ 30 n (%) | 8 (21) | 9 (30) | 0.3975 |
| PTSS-10 (score) | (N = 38) | (N = 30) | |
| Sleep problems | 1 (0–2) | 2 (0–3) | |
| Nightmares about the events | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | |
| I feel dejected/downtrodden | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | |
| Jumpiness, I am easily frightened by sudden sounds I hear or sudden movements I see | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | |
| The need to withdraw from others | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | |
| Irritability | 0 (0–1) | 0.5 (0–2) | |
| Frequent mood swings | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | |
| Bad conscience, blame me, have guilt feelings | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | |
| Fear of places and situations, which remind me of the events | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | |
| Muscular tension | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | |
| Total | 5 (0–10) | 6.5 (4–11) | 0.1471 |
| Score ≥ 12 n (%) | 6 (16) | 7 (23) | 0.4322 |
| Score ≥ 18 n (%) | 2 (5) | 3 (10) | 0.4574 |
PSS-10 (Perceived Stress Scale-10) respondents are asked to rate each of the items on a scale of 0 to 4 based on how much a symptom has bothered them during the last month (0: never, 1: almost never, 2: sometimes 3: fairly often 4: very often). Scores for questions 4, 5, 7, and 8 are inverted. On these 4 questions, the scores are changed like this: 0 = 4, 1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1, 4 = 0. Scores are subsequently added up to get a total. Scores ranging from 0 to 13 would be low stress, scores ranging from 14 to 26 would be considered moderate stress and scores ranging from 27 to 40 would be considered high-perceived stress, respectively. FACIT-F (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue) respondents are asked to rate each of the items on a scale of 0 to 4 based on the past 7 days. Scores on items 7 and 8 are reversed like this: 0 = 4, 1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1, 4 = 0. Scores are subsequently added up to a total. Scores < 30 indicate severe fatigue. PTSS-10 (Posttraumatic Symptom Scale-10) respondents are asked to rate each of the items on a scale of 0 to 3 (0: never, 1: rarely, 2: sometimes 3: often). PTSS-10 scores are subsequently added up to get a total.scores interpreted according to the following levels: 0 to 11 (mild to moderate) and 12 to 30 (moderate to severe). A score ≥ 18 represented a “case” and a score of ≥ 12 indicates the need for psychological help. Results are median plus interquartile range or percentage of patients as indicated.
Significant values are in bold.