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. 2023 Apr 26;13:6857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33941-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Delivery of mRNA encoding GFP to Jurkat and primary T cells. (A) Representative flow cytometry plots from zero voltage-control or (B) electroporated Jurkat cells depicting cell morphology, viability, and GFP expression. (C) Impact of varying waveform voltage amplitude on delivery using 20 or 40 µg/mL mRNA to Jurkat cells (n = 3). (D) High efficiency delivery using 40 µg/mL mRNA for primary T cells from four healthy donors (n = 4). Data shown as mean ± standard deviation (C,D). Some error bars are too small to be visible (C).