Table 1:
Characteristics of the patients
| Factors | All patients | VATS | Thoracotomy | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 141 | n = 83 | n = 58 | |||
| Age | Mean (range) | 62.6 (19–93) | 62.4 (25–86) | 62.8 (19–93) | 0.8471 |
| Sex | Male | 56 (39.7) | 34 (41.0) | 22 (37.9) | 0.7304 |
| Female | 85 (60.3) | 49 (59.0) | 36 (62.1) | ||
| BMI | Mean (range) | 22.5 (13.7–22) | 22.2 (13.7–38) | 22.9 (14.1–33.1) | 0.1608 |
| Comorbidity | Diabetes mellitus | 40 (28.4) | 24 (28.9) | 16 (27.6) | 1 |
| Malignancy | 4 (2.8) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (3.4) | 1 | |
| Autoimmune disease | 3 (2.1) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (1.7) | 1 | |
| Steroid use | 6 (4.3) | 3 (3.6) | 3 (5.2) | 0.6900 | |
| Ischaemic cardiac disease | 5 (3.5) | 4 (4.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0.6487 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5 (3.5) | 4 (4.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0.6487 | |
| Renal failure | 10 (7.1) | 4 (4.8) | 6 (10.3) | 0.3177 | |
| Hypertension | 23 (16.3) | 8 (9.6) | 15 (25.9) | 0.0190 | |
| Others | 32 (22.7) | 16 (19.3) | 16 (27.6) | 0.3077 | |
| ECOG PS score | 0 | 67 (47.5) | 32 (38.6) | 35 (60.3) | 0.0167 |
| 1 | 27 (19.1) | 21 (25.3) | 6 (10.3) | ||
| 2 | 14 (9.9) | 8 (9.6) | 6 (10.3) | ||
| 3 | 17 (12.1) | 14 (16.9) | 3 (5.2) | ||
| 4 | 16 (11.3) | 8 (9.6) | 8 (13.8) | ||
| Symptoms | Fever | 104 (73.8) | 63 (75.9) | 41 (70.7) | 0.5609 |
| Pain | 107 (75.9) | 65 (78.3) | 42 (72.4) | 0.4313 | |
| Palpitation | 9 (6.4) | 7 (8.4) | 2 (3.4) | 0.3077 | |
| Redness | 52 (36.9) | 35 (42.2) | 17 (29.3) | 0.1560 | |
| Swelling | 90 (63.8) | 58 (69.9) | 32 (55.2) | 0.0787 | |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | 10 (7.1) | 7 (8.4) | 3 (5.2) | 0.5252 | |
| Dysphagia | 52 (36.9) | 32 (38.6) | 20 (34.5) | 0.7233 | |
| Dyspnoea | 58 (41.1) | 33 (39.8) | 25 (43.1) | 0.7300 | |
| Impaired consciousness | 10 (7.1) | 6 (7.2) | 4 (6.9) | 1 | |
| Sepsis | 27 (19.1) | 17 (20.5) | 10 (17.2) | 0.6700 | |
| Others | 16 (11.3) | 8 (9.6) | 8 (13.8) | 0.5906 | |
Values for categorical variables were presented as n (%) and were assessed using the Fisher’s exact test. Variables for continuous variables were expressed as mean and range and were examined using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
BMI: body mass index; ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; VATS: video-assisted thoracic surgery.