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. 2023 Apr 13;17:1125624. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1125624

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Copyright © 2023 Nikitin, Romanova, Borman and Moroz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Trichoplax has a gene encoded putative vesicular glutamate transporter but no vesicular ATP transporters. Bayesian tree of vesicular glutamate and related transporters (SLC17 family) is shown. The superfamily of SLC17 transporters includes transmembrane carriers for various anions (phosphate, nucleotides, glutamate, and sialic acid). There are three well-defined clades of vesicular glutamate (vGluTs), sialins, and vesicular nucleotide (vNuT) transporters, plus several independent branches with lineage-specific expansions. Placozoan (Trichoplax and Hoilungia) transporters fall within vGluT and sialin clades, plus one separate clade of unknown substrate specificity. Full uncollapsed trees with numeric support values can be found in Supplementary Figure S6.