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. 2023 Apr 13;11:1177151. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177151

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Copyright © 2023 Cheng, Xie and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The DMXAA treatment disrupts tumor vessels and subsequently induces AuNPs aggregation in the tumor vessels. Afterward, near-infrared irradiation is applied to achieve the combination of VDAs with PTT for peTVD and photothermally ablate the tumor vascular. Fb, fibrinogen (Hong et al., 2020). Copyright^© 2020, AAAS.