Table 1.

Univariable analysis of associated variables in the warm season for bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpes virus-1 seropositivity at the herd level

Viruses	BVDV									BHV-1
Factor		Number	Seroprevalence (%)		95% CI for seroprevalence	χ2*	P-value		Number	Seroprevalence (%)	95% CI for seroprevalence	χ2	P- value
	Tested	Positive	Upper	Lower	Tested	Positive	Upper	Lower
Geographic region						1.125	0.570						2.215	0.330
Central	6	5	83.33	43.65	96.99			6	3	50.00	18.76	81.24
Northern	6	6	100.00	60.97	100.00			6	5	83.33	43.65	96.99
Southern	6	5	83.33	43.65	96.99			6	5	83.33	43.65	96.99
Farming type						0.00	1.00						0.277	0.599
Industrial	9	8	88.89	56.50	98.01			9	6	66.67	35.42	87.94
Traditional	9	8	88.89	56.50	98.01			9	7	77.78	45.26	93.68
Cattle purchasing						0.281	0.596						0.554	0.457
Yes	2	2	100.00	34.24	100.00			2	1	50.00	9.45	90.55
No	16	14	87.50	63.98	96.50			16	12	75.00	50.50	89.82
History of abortion						0.117	0.732						0.004	0.952
Yes	11	10	90.91	62.27	98.38			11	8	72.73	43.44	90.26
No	7	6	85.71	48.68	97.43			7	5	71.43	35.89	91.78
Proper ventilation						0.281	0.596
Yes	16	14	87.50	63.98	96.50			16	11	68.75	44.40	85.84	0.865	0.352
No	2	2	100.00	34.24	100.00			2	2	100.0	34.24	100.00
Distance to road						2.250	0.134
Near	9	9	100.00	70.09	100.00			9	6	66.67	35.42	87.94
Far	9	7	77.78	45.26	93.68			9	7	77.78	45.26	93.68
Manure gathering interval						1.125	0.289						0.138	0.710
Daily	6	6	100.00	60.97	100.00			6	4	66.67	30.00	90.32
> Daily	12	10	83.33	55.19	95.30			12	9	75.00	46.77	91.11
Farmer literacy						4.500	0.034						6.785	0.009
≤ Diploma	12	12	100.00	75.75	100.00			12	11	91.67	64.62	98.51
> Diploma	6	4	66.67	30.00	90.32			6	2	33.33	9.68	70.00

BVDV: Bovine viral diarrhea virus; BHV-1: Bovine herpes virus-1: CI: Confidence interval

*Chi-square