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. 2023 Apr 13;14:1133528. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1133528

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Copyright © 2023 Wang, Wang, Yue and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanism of energy metabolism in mitochondria there are many proteins and protein channels on the inner membrane and outer membrane of mitochondria. When energy metabolism is abnormal, the following abnormalities will occur in mitochondria, which eventually lead to migraine. 1. mPTP and IMAC are pathologically open, resulting in the release of cytochrome C and reactive oxygen species. 2. A large number of calcium ions inflow through the MCU channel, resulting in calcium overload in the mitochondria. 3. The dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain leads to the production of reactive oxygen species and insufficient production of ATP, which will stimulate the production of nitric oxide. 4. The decrease of NAD+/NADH can lead to the change of SIRT3, CYPD, and other proteins, and finally lead to the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. 5. Abnormal proportion of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins can lead to apoptosis and eventually lead to migraine.