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. 2023 Apr 13;14:1133528. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1133528

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Copyright © 2023 Wang, Wang, Yue and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The dysfunction of the trigeminovascular system and energy metabolism can lead to migraine. The primary afferent nerve of the trigeminal nerve innervated the pia mater and dural meningeal vessels. Its efferent projection fibers connect with secondary neurons in the TNC of the brainstem. The nerve fibers of TNC project to the thalamus and then rise further to connect with the higher cortical area. At the junction of nerve endings and vascular smooth muscle, ROS and NO jointly activate the TRPA1 channel, which leads to calcium influx, stimulates CGRP release, binds to the CGRP receptor of vascular smooth muscle, and then leads to vasodilation and migraine.