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. 2023 Apr 11;10:102180. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102180

Table 4.

Isotherm and kinetic parameters.

Adsorbent Isotherm
 Kinetics
 Ref.
Best Fit Nature R2 Best Fit Nature R2
Octahedral UIO-66-NH2 nanomaterials Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9930 PSO Linear 0.999 [9]
Tailored N-doped biochar from corn stalk Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9780 Elovich Nonlinear 0.999 [135]
Biochar corn stalk Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9950 – – – [135]
CoFe2O4@TiO2-MMIP Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9945 PSO Nonlinear 0.9940 [15]
N-doped biochar derived from cocoa shell Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9990 Elovich Nonlinear 0.9990 [98]
montmorillonite-biochar composite Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9950 – – – [28]
animal hairs-based activated carbon Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9967 PSO Nonlinear 0.9999 [113]
Polydopamine microspheres Redlich-Peterson Nonlinear 0.9990 PSO Nonlinear 0.984 [80]
H3PO4 pretreated Raw barley straw Dubinin-Astakhov Nonlinear 0.980 PSO Linear 0.990 [111]
Bentonite enhanced sludge biochar composite Sips Nonlinear 0.9763 – – – [8]
ferrihydrite nanoparticles Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9970 PSO Nonlinear 0.978 [155]
Biochar derived from spent coffee ground Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9740 [129]
Ceramic membrane Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9750 PSO Nonlinear 0.997 [35]
Imprinted polymer microsphere (PMS@MIPs) Freundlich Linear 0.9950 PSO Linear 0.9999 [112]
Non-imprinted polymer microsphere (PMS@NIPs) Freundlich Linear 0.9960 PSO Linear 0.9999 [119]
Loofah activated carbon Langmuir Nonlinear 0.981 PSO Linear 0.9820 [72]
Monomer molecularly imprinted sol-gel polymers from magnetic halloysite nanotubes Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9904 PSO Nonlinear 0.9987 [109]
Nitrogen-rich Calotropis gigantea fiber Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9891 PSO – 0.9993 [125]
modified sludge biochar Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9970 Elovich Nonlinear 0.9660 [133]
Microplastics Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9970 PSO Linear 0.9990 [7]
modified meta kaolin Langmuir Linear 0.9790 PSO Nonlinear 0.9960 [1]
iron ore waste Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9990 PSO Nonlinear 0.9990 [15]
mesoporous silica Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9883 – – – [15]
carbon nanotubes Polanyi–Manes Nonlinear 1.0000 – – – [157]
rice (Oryza sativa) husk wastes Redlich-Peterson Nonlinear 0.9950 PSO Nonlinear 1.0000 [16]
coffee (Coffea arabica) husk wastes Redlich-Peterson Nonlinear 0.9960 PSO Nonlinear 1.0000 [16]
Microplastics Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9830 PSO Nonlinear 0.9920 [12]
Magnetic biochar Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9970 PSO Linear 0.982 [114]
bamboo-based magnetic activated carbon Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9990 – – – [34]
Plant based biochar Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9982 PSO Nonlinear 0.9731 [78]
Mg/Fe bimetallic hydroxide Freundlich Linear 0.9990 PSO Nonlinear 0.9990 [127]
Chalcogenide Langmuir Linear 0.999 – – – [138]
graphene oxide/magnetite composites Temkin Nonlinear 0.999 PSO Nonlinear 0.9999 [134]
clay-biochar composite Langmuir Nonlinear 0.97 PSO Linear 0.99 [10]
iron ore – biochar composites Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9913 PSO Linear 0.9995 [139]
MOF-derived carbon-based sorbent Dubinin-Astakhov Nonlinear 0.948 – – – [55]
MOF@iCOF composite Langmuir Linear 0.999 PSO Linear 0.996 [117]
iron and nitrogen co-doped biochar Langmuir Linear 0.9986 PSO Linear 0.9895 [184]
ZIF-8 metal-organic framework Freundlich Nonlinear 0.981 PSO Nonlinear 0.999 [147]
pretreated barley straw Langmuir-Freundlich Nonlinear 0.955 PSO Linear 0.999 [90]
Fe-MCM-41 molecular sieves Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9906 PSO Nonlinear 0.9990 [101]
Mg–Al layered double hydroxides Freundlich Linear 0.9952 PSO Nonlinear 0.9999 [136]
porous resins Langmuir Nonlinear 0.999 PSO Nonlinear 0.99 [139]
carbon nanotube Langmuir Nonlinear 0.999 PSO Nonlinear 0.99 [139]
lotus stalk-based activated carbon Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9996 PSO Nonlinear 0.9990 [110]
iron-doped activated alumina Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9931 PSO Nonlinear 0.9990 [110]
Chitosan Langmuir Nonlinear 0.997 PFO Nonlinear 0.916 [36]
chitosan/Fe2O3 composites Langmuir Nonlinear 0.993 PSO Nonlinear 0.878 [36]
KOH modified biochar Langmuir NS 0.9300 PSO 0.9700 [158]
Pomelo Peel Activated Carbon Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9970 PSO Nonlinear 0.9900 [126]
Carbon/montmorillonite Langmuir Nonlinear 0.99 – – – [2]
mesoporous metallic silicon Langmuir Nonlinear 0.998 PSO Linear 0.999 [128]
magnetic biochar Koble-Corrigan Nonlinear 0.999 Elovich Nonlinear 0.990 [20]
luffa sponge biochar Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9995 PSO NS 0.9998 [3]
Graphene Oxide Langmuir Nonlinear 0.996 PSO Nonlinear 0.972 [159]
MOF@GO composite Langmuir Linear 0.99929 PSO Linear 0.937 [83]
montmorillonite Langmuir Nonlinear 0.98 – – – [116]
carbon/montmorillonite hybrids Langmuir Nonlinear 0.99 – – – [116]
fly ash Langmuir Nonlinear 0.982 Elovich Nonlinear 0.997 [122]
Acid-modified fly ash Langmuir Nonlinear 0.998 Elovich Nonlinear 0.995 [122]
Alkali-modified fly ash Langmuir Nonlinear 0.955 PSO Nonlinear 0.992 [122]
Molecularly imprinted polymer Freundlich Linear 0.9970 PSO Linear 0.9829 [81]
magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers Freundlich Linear 0.976 PFO Linear 0.9607 [132]
MOFs Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9994 PSO NS 0.9999 [99]
Cassava Dreg Biochar Freundlich Linear 0.9980 PSO Nonlinear 1.000 [160]
Fe/Cu oxides composite Redlich-Peterson Nonlinear 0.9980 Double-constant rate Nonlinear 0.999 [108]
microporous activated carbon Langmuir Linear 0.9999 PSO Linear 0.9975 [123]
iron-trimesic metal-organic frameworks (Fe-BTC) Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9950 PSO Nonlinear 0.9990 [112]
Chitosan-based sorbent Langmuir Linear 0.997 PSO Linear 0.9950 [92]
chitosan-hydroxyapatite Langmuir Nonlinear 0.99 PSO Linear 0.99 [6]
hexagonal mesoporous silica Langmuir NS 0.9950 PSO NS – [130]
copper-porphyrin MOF Langmuir Linear 0.9990 PSO Linear 0.9990 [131]
Humic acid Freundlich Nonlinear 0.985 – – – [161]
Nano Alumina Langmuir Linear 0.979 PFO Linear 0.993 [13]
Carbonized Moringa pod husks Freundlich Linear 0.995 Blanchard Linear 0.989 [141]
Ammonium chloride-treated Langmuir Linear 0.991 Blanchard Linear 0.988 [141]
Amino-functionalized Zr-based MOF Langmuir Nonlinear 0.993 PFO Linear 0.999 [9]
Graphene oxide Sips Nonlinear 0.997 PSO – – [17]
KOH-modified biochar Langmuir Nonlinear 0.93 PSO Linear 0.970 [158]
Polydopamine microspheres Redlich-Peterson Nonlinear 0.999 PSO Nonlinear 0.984 [80]
peanut shell-supported graphene oxide (PPS/GO) Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9611 PSO Linear 0.9999 [118]
BC – – – PSO Nonlinear 0.980 [137]
BC Sips Nonlinear 0.9955 PSO Nonlinear 0.9938 [54]
γ-Fe2O3@BC Sips Nonlinear 0.9986 PSO Nonlinear 0.9742 [54]
Acid activated termite feces Sips Nonlinear 0.9976 PSO Nonlinear 0.9941 [5]
Modified Activated Carbon Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9656 PSO Nonlinear 0.9540 [146]
N-doped activated carbon Koble-Corrigan Nonlinear 0.9996 PSO Nonlinear 0.9996 [102]
BC Langmuir NS 0.9939 PSO Nonlinear 0.9978 [8]
Magnetic biochar-based Manganese oxide Langmuir NS 0.9694 PSO Nonlinear 0.9999 [8]
Modified TiO2 Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9990 PSO Nonlinear 0.9980 [46]
Activated Carbon Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9937 PSO Nonlinear 0.9993 [107]
Magnetic MIP Langmuir Nonlinear 0.9910 PSO Linear 0.9960 [185]
Granular activated carbon Freundlich Nonlinear 0.9890 PSO Nonlinear 1.0000 [124]
Activated carbon from agro waste Redlich-Peterson Nonlinear 0.9930 Elovich Nonlinear 0.9980 [183]