. 2023 Apr 11;10:102180. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102180

Table 5.

Thermodynamic parameters.

Adsorbent	Thermodynamic parameters				Ref.
Adsorbent	Temp (K)	Δ $G^{o} (k J / m o l)$	Δ $H^{o} (k J / m o l)$	Δ $S^{o} (J / m o l . K)$
CoFe₂O₄@TiO2-MMIP	323	–2.28	11.35	40	[85]
Bentonite enhanced sludge biochar composite	313	− 9.33	6.03	49.06	[8]
Loofah activated carbon	298	− 5.97	–	–	[72]
modified sludge biochar	308	−7.23	3.84	0.0359	[133]
Potential of polystyrene (PS)	288	9.005	10.341	4.8	[7]
Polybutylene succinate (PBS)	298	9.945	3.541	−21.3	[7]
Polyethylene (PE)	288	12.799	30.312	62.0	[7]
iron ore waste	308.15	−33.01	−1.09	103.59	[15]
rice (Oryza sativa) husk wastes	338	−48.07	41.55	263.50	[16]
coffee (Coffea arabica) husk wastes	338	−45.33	4.858	148.40	[16]
Plant based biochar	308.15	− 4.5909	32.194	0.1196	[78]
Mg/Fe bimetallic hydroxide	298	− 5.5400	−41.41	0.12	[127]
graphene oxide/magnetite composites	308	−20.49	−19.17	4.30	[134]
clay-biochar composite	308.15	−1.924	22.50	0.079	[10]
Biochar	288.15	2.886	28.94	0.091	[10]
pyrite-biochar composites	288.15	−20.5437	−31.9914	−39.6	[139]
hematite-biochar composites	308.15	−17.2404	49.2746	216.8	[139]
ZIF-8 metal-organic framework	313	−6.27	5.68	39.00	[147]
Fe-MCM-41 molecular sieves	308	−5.09	13.92	61.73	[101]
Mg–Al layered double hydroxides (CO₃₋MA21)	318	−17.61	−3.03	45.87	[136]
Mg–Al layered double hydroxides (Cl-MA21)	318	−20.50	−27.65	−22.21	[136]
KOH modified biochar	308	−15.54	6.13	70	[158]
mesoporous metallic silicon (Cu/SBA-15)	308	−2.60	10.28	41.82	[128]
mesoporous metallic silicon (Fe/SBA-15)	288	−2.39	−7.27	−16.96	[128]
magnetic biochar	308	–3.79	38.41	136.94	[20]
luffa sponge biochar	308	–30.55	–8.6	–126	[159]
MOF@GO composite	310	–13,324.33	–0.000011	–306.735	[83]
fly ash	288	–20.857	–35.541	–51	[122]
Acid-modified fly ash	288	–20.594	–27.372	–24	[122]
Alkali-modified fly ash	288	–21.573	–30.804	–32	[122]
Cassava Dreg Biochar	308	–78.60	326.40	1320	[160]
Fe/Cu oxides composite	313	–4.46	1.47	18.94	[108]
microporous activated carbon	303	–12.604	–30.362	–58.53	[123]
iron-trimesic metal-organic frameworks (Fe-BTC)	318	−12.935	5.903	59.24	[112]
Carbonize Moringa pod husks	328	−32.091	−23.919	24.443	[141]
Ammonium chloride-treated	328	−31.377	−13.203	5.662	[141]
Amino-functionalized Zr-based MOF	318	−8.76	8.401	54.014	[9]
Graphene oxide	304.15	−7.784	−13.141	−18	[17]
KOH-modified biochar	308	−21.06	31.26	17.00	[158]
Polydopamine microspheres	318	–17.4	7.30	77.6	[80]
BC	318.15	–1.9386	–10.5651	39.3865	[104]
γ-Fe2O3@BC	318.15	2.5136	6.9232	29.5070	[104]
Fe/Cu oxides composite	313	–4.32	2.72	22.5	[120]
Acid activated termite feces	328	–3.54	62.62	198.7	[5]
N-doped activated carbon	318	–37.83	34.73	230	[102]
BC	308	− 18.54	16.97	115.3	[8]
Magnetic BC/MnO₂ composite	308	− 24.61	18.12	138.9	[8]