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. 2023 Apr 27;23:foad023. doi: 10.1093/femsyr/foad023

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 4. — Images of giant colonies of different yeasts visualized by Paul Lindner. Lindner developed a method to distinguish strains and species of brewing and wild yeasts by cultivating giant colonies on thick wort-agar. The different morphology is evident. Colonies 1 (Saaz) and 2 (Frohberg) show the two modern S. pastorianus groups; colony 3 is an S. cerevisiae Berlin wheat-beer yeast; colony 4 is Saccharomyces farinosus from Danziger Jopenbier (current name Millerozyma farinosa); colonies 5 and 6 are wild yeasts (Lindner 1909, 1910, Hutzler 2021).