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. 2023 Apr 12;9:e41261. doi: 10.2196/41261

Table 1.

Characteristics of individuals with deliberate self-harm (DSH) behavior based on psychiatric diagnosis status (receiving at least one psychiatric diagnosis either before or after DSH event or not receiving any at all).


Self-harm before receiving psychiatric diagnosis (n=755, 13.39%) Self-harm after receiving psychiatric diagnosis (n=3821, 67.75%) No psychiatric diagnosis (n=1064, 18.87%) Total (N=5640) P value
Suicide survival status, n (%) <.001

Survived 738 (97.7) 3403 (89.06) 867 (81.48) 5008 (88.79)

Death by suicide 17 (2.3) 418 (10.94) 197 (18.52) 632 (11.21)
Self-harm severity, n (%) <.001

Fatal 364 (48.2) 1393 (36.46) 600 (56.39) 2357 (41.79)

Nonfatal 391 (51.8) 2428 (63.54) 464 (43.61) 3283 (58.21)
Demographic factors

Sex, n (%) <.001


Male 399 (52.8) 1505 (39.39) 669 (62.88) 2573 (45.62)


Female 356 (47.2) 2316 (60.61) 395 (37.12) 3067 (54.38)

Age, median (range) 40.0 (25.0-53.0) 48.0 (32.0-63.0) 43.0 (29.0-54.0) 46.0 (30.0-59.0) <.001

Age group, n (%) <.001


10-19 104 (13.8) 264 (6.91) 123 (11.56) 491 (8.71)


20-29 139 (18.4) 562 (14.71) 154 (14.47) 855 (15.16)


30-39 134 (17.7) 523 (13.69) 192 (18.05) 849 (15.05)


40-49 133 (17.6) 670 (17.53) 213 (20.02) 1016 (18.01)


50-59 132 (17.5) 686 (17.95) 200 (18.80) 1018 (18.05)


60-69 61 (8.1) 430 (11.25) 88 (8.27) 579 (10.27)


70-79 31 (4.1) 405 (10.60) 73 (6.86) 509 (9.02)


>80 21 (2.8) 281 (7.35) 21 (1.97) 323 (5.73)
Health-related factor

Charlson comorbidity index score, median (range) 0.0 (0.0-2.0) 1.0 (0.0-3.0) 1.0 (0.0-2.0) 1.0 (0.0-3.0) <.001

Cancer, n (%) 298 (39.5) 1827 (47.81) 363 (34.12) 2488 (44.11) <.001

Psychiatric visit, n (%) 540 (71.5) 3261 (85.34) 0 (0.00) 3801 (67.39) <.001

Disability, n (%) <.001


Mild 43 (5.7) 353 (9.24) 52 (4.89) 448 (7.94)


Severe 32 (4.2) 255 (6.67) 21 (1.97) 308 (5.46)


No 680 (90.1) 3213 (84.09) 991 (93.14) 4884 (86.60)
Socioeconomic factor, n (%)

Smoking <.001


Moderate 283 (37.5) 1731 (45.30) 403 (37.88) 2417 (42.85)


Heavy 171 (22.6) 702 (18.37) 252 (23.68) 1125 (19.95)


N/Aa 301 (39.9) 1388 (36.33) 409 (38.44) 2098 (37.20)

Drinking <.001


Moderate 265 (35.1) 1697 (44.41) 376 (35.34) 2338 (41.45)


Heavy 190 (25.2) 730 (19.11) 278 (26.13) 1198 (21.24)


N/A 300 (39.7) 1394 (36.48) 410 (38.53) 2104 (37.31)

National Health Insurance <.001


Employee or local 718 (95.1) 3343 (87.49) 1029 (96.71) 5090 (90.25)


Medical benefit 37 (4.9) 478 (12.51) 35 (3.29) 550 (9.75)

aN/A: not applicable.