Figure 3. Percent Increase in Risk of Having a Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).

Percent increase in risk of having a diagnosis of BPD due to indirect, direct, and total associations between early life adversity and the presence or absence of a BPD diagnosis, for all levels of early life adversity. The orange line and its shaded 95% CI indicates indirect relative risk⁵⁴ between early life adversity and the presence or absence of a BPD diagnosis through the latent factor of the reproduction/maintenance trade-off, defined as the difference between the probability of having a diagnosis of BPD if one changes the latent factor score in the presence of a lower level of early life adversity, and the latent factor score expected if there had been an increase in early life adversity from its lower to its higher level, while keeping the value of the early life adversity variable fixed (at its upper bound). The light blue line and its shaded 95% CI indicates direct relative risk⁵⁴ between early life adversity and the presence or absence of a BPD diagnosis, defined as the difference between the probability of having a diagnosis of BPD if the level of early life adversity is changed from its lower to its higher level, while keeping the latent factor score of the reproduction/maintenance trade-off at its expected value in the presence of a lower level of early life adversity. The dark blue line and its shaded 95% CI indicates the total relative risk between early life adversity and the presence or absence of a BPD diagnosis, defined as the sum of the direct and indirect relative risk.⁵⁴ The median early life adversity level is taken as the baseline level (0).