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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 27.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Proteomics. 2018 May 31;15(6):503–513. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1480110

Table III:

Different buffer conditions corresponding to LC-MS instrumentation

LC-MS Type Condition Used GAG Studied Fraction Analyzed
Reversed Phase (RP) 1-phenyl-3-methyl pyrazolone (PMP) derivatization HS and DS NR
Reverse phase ion pairing (RPIP) Dibutylamine as IPA Unsulfated Heparosan Upto dp40
Reverse phase ion pairing (RPIP) Tributylamine as IPA Unsulfated Heparosan dp 2 – 20
Reverse phase ion pairing (RPIP) Tripropylamine as IPA Partially depolymerized Heparin Upto 200 components
Hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) Negative ESI with Ammonium formate modifier Heparin Upto dp18
Size Exclusion (SEC) Use online ion suppressor to reduce ammonium salts Partially depolymerized CS Upto dp14
Graphitized Carbon (GCC) Negative mode with ammonium bicarbonate modifier Hyaluronan, KS, Heparin and HS Isomeric disaccharides
Multidimensional LC SEC and SAX chromatogrpahy Heparinase treated HS Hexasaccharide isomer separated
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) Reverse CE with Negative ESI HS Disaccharide separation