Fig. 1.

Mean scores of anxiety (GAD-7) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) at two time points during the pandemic (with stronger restrictions in March 2021 and moderate restrictions in September 2021) and in March 2022 (immediately after the Russian invasion of Ukraine), stratified by gender (a subsample of 4441 participants from the city of Halle). Numbers for the whole sample of participants who answered the questionnaire inquiring about the war in Ukraine were only available for March 2022, but these were virtually the same as the estimates in the subsample for Halle. Figures are obtained by ggplot, applying the gam function, with splines in the mgcv library. GAD-7, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.