(A) Schematic of the experimental approach where microglia cells were fluorescently labeled with mito-GFP, followed by treatment with TAT peptide, methamphetamine, and a combination of T-DRV/EFV/ELV-NP. These microglia cells were then cocultured with astrocytes treated with a combination of T-(Asp)4-NP + T-CoQ10-NP. (B) Cellular levels of the inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in microglia after coculturing with NP-treated astrocytes. (C) ATP levels and (D) ROS levels in microglia after nourishing with astrocytes. AST: human astrocyte; AST*: neuroprotectant-loaded-NP-treated human astrocytes.