. 2023 Apr 27;23:775. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15682-z

Table 3.

Relationship between misreporting of height/weight and BMI z-score in Japanese primary school children (n = 1019)

Dependent variable	Independent variable	Boys (n = 486)									Girls (n = 533)
		Model 1^c			Model 2^c			Model 3^c			Model 1^c			Model 2^c			Model 3^c
		β	95%CI		β	95%CI		β	95%CI		β	95%CI		β	95%CI		β	95%CI
Misreporting^a of	BMI z-score^b of individuals	0.19	[-0.01,	0.39]	0.18	[-0.02,	0.38]	0.19	[-0.01,	0.38]	-0.16*	[-0.29,	-0.03]	-0.16*	[-0.29,	-0.03]	-0.16*	[-0.29,	-0.03]
height (cm)	mean BMI z-score^b in each school				1.97	[-0.97,	4.92]	2.08	[-1.11,	5.26]				0.68	[-1.13,	2.49]	0.56	[-1.27,	2.38]
	Q respondents Child only							ref									ref
	Child + Guardian							0.03	[-0.40,	0.47]							-0.10	[-0.38,	0.17]
	Guardian only							0.52	[-0.09,	1.13]							0.27	[-0.17,	0.72]
Misreporting^a of	BMI z-score^b of individuals	-0.43*	[-0.57,	-0.30]	-0.44*	[-0.58,	-0.30]	-0.44*	[-0.57,	-0.30]	-0.60*	[-0.75,	-0.44]	-0.60*	[-0.75,	-0.44]	-0.60*	[-0.76,	-0.45]
weight (kg)	mean BMI z-score^b in each school				2.52*	[0.36,	4.69]	2.57*	[0.55,	4.59]				1.85	[-0.85,	4.56]	2.12	[-0.23,	4.46]
	Q respondents Child only							ref									ref
	Child + Guardian							0.31*	[0.00,	0.61]							0.23	[-0.10,	0.56]
	Guardian only							0.28	[-0.15,	0.70]							0.80*	[0.27,	1.33]

BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, Q questionnaire, SD standard deviation

*<0.05

^a Misreporting was defined as the difference between self-reported values and measured values. (Misreporting = self-reported values—measured values)

^b BMI z-score was calculated by a formula based on the body constitution data of Japanese children in 2000

^c Multivariate linear mixed models including schools as random effects were used to examine the relationship between the misreporting and body constitution (BMI z-score). As for BMI z-score, coefficient (β) shows the change in misreporting of height or weight when BMI z-score increases 1SD