Table 2.

Advantages and disadvantages of various application methods

Application methods	Advantages	Limitations
Soil application	Induces the Zn efficiency of the soil Succeeding crops may benefit from the residual effect	High fertilizer requirement Due to poor soil conditions, plant availability may be reduced
Foliar application	Reduces the need for fertilizers Negative soil features do not affect it	Crop requirements are not met during the seedling stage The foliar approach cannot be used to provide a very high amount of fertilizer
Seed priming	Lowers fertilizer requirement Suitable for high-stress situations	This method cannot be used to apply a larger amount of nutrition since a high concentration of priming fluid can harm germination

Source: Praharaj et al. (2021)