Table 1.

Detection of Parkinson’s disease using nanobiosensors

Electrode materials	Method	Linear range	LOD	References
{HRP-Ab2-GNPs}/Ab1/- SYN/Th/PAMAMAu/o-ABA/GCE	CV	1.6 pM–16 nM	1 pM	Jang et al. (2020)
Apt-CS/α-Syn oligomer/Exoα-Syn oli	DPV	60 pM–150 nM	10 pM	Pontarollo et al. (2021)
Cystamine/GO/Au	EIS	5 pM–1 nM	1.2 pM	Ionescu (2022)
{TiO2/Au/Ab1/α-Syn/{Ab2-Au-GOx}	PEC	4.2 pM–8.3 nM	1.3 pM	Erkmen et al. (2022)
AuNPs/PGA/EDC-NHS/Anti-α-Synalpha/BSA/ITO	SWV	0.3 pM–0.2 nM	9.3 fM	Štukovnik and Bren (2022)
Apt/ERGO-GCE	DPV	1 fM–1 nM	0.6 fM	Lakard et al. (2022)
ZnO-Gold nanoros modified AIDEs	IV	1aM-10 pM	1aM	Adam et al. (2021)
On-Line Stacking Capillary Electrophoresis	μCE	0.04–6 µg/ml	10 ng/mL	Tan et al. (2022a)