Table 2.
Oxidative stress markers in the plasma of participants ‘Baseline’ and ‘12 months’ stratified by AMD.
| Low Adherence (n = 32) |
High Adherence (n = 35) |
p-Value | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | AMD × T | Δ | ||
| Antioxidants | |||||
| Phenolic compounds (mM) | Baseline | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.829 | 0.074 |
| 12 months | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | |||
| Δ | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | |||
| Oxidative damage | |||||
| MDA (nM) | Baseline | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 0.037 | 0.050 |
| 12 months | 1.0 ± 0.4 * | 0.8 ± 0.3 * | |||
| Δ | −1.0 ± 1.0 | −1.1 ± 0.7 $ | |||
| Enzyme activities | |||||
| CAT (k(s−1)/L blood) |
Baseline | 54.5 ± 17.4 | 47.5 ± 13.5 | 0.040 | 0.545 |
| 12 months | 58.7 ± 22.1 | 46.4 ± 23.3 # | |||
| Δ | 4.2 ± 28.3 | −1.1 ± 28.0 | |||
| SOD (pkat/L blood) | Baseline | 288 ± 61.0 | 276 ± 81.7 | 0.383 | 0.733 |
| 12 months | 254 ± 73.7 | 245 ± 94.6 | |||
| Δ | −34.1 ± 112.0 | −25.1 ± 200.0 |
Abbreviations: MDA: malondialdehyde; CAT: catalase; SOD: superoxide dismutase. SD: Standard deviation. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Two-way analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was performed after adjustments by intervention (diet and physical activity) or a Kruskal–Wallis test according to the case. * Difference in means between participants in time (baseline and 12 months). # Difference in means between groups (low adherence and high adherence). t-test for unpaired data was performed on the differential data (12-month values minus reference values) or with U Mann–Whitney test according to the case. $ Difference in means according to the differential (12-month values minus baseline values). Data points in bold are significant, p < 0.05.