Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for CPE acquisition after hospitalization a (n = 77).
| Characteristic | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (CI) | p-Value | aOR (CI) | p-Value | ||||
| Age | |||||||
| ≥70 years (ref. <70 years) | 0.32 | (0.012–0.89) | 0.029 | 0.51 | (0.16–1.63) | 0.257 | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male (ref. Female) | 2.13 | (0.80–5.65) | 0.131 | 1.63 | (0.53–5.02) | 0.396 | |
| Hospitalization history of other hospitals within 3 months | |||||||
| Yes (ref. No) | 0.24 | (0.09–0.69) | 0.007 | 0.32 | (0.10–0.98) | 0.047 | |
| Admission route (ref. ER) | |||||||
| Ward | 1.43 | (0.49–4.17) | 0.510 | 1.54 | (0.49–4.87) | 0.462 | |
| ICU | 10.94 | (1.88–63.68) | 0.008 | 7.14 | (1.09–46.80) | 0.040 | |
| Comorbidity | |||||||
| Yes (ref. None) | 0.65 | (0.13–3.16) | 0.596 | 0.77 | (0.10–6.08) | 0.800 | |
| Treatment in ICU | |||||||
| Yes (ref. None) | 17.22 | (5.21–56.91) | <0.001 | 46.72 | (5.08–430.09) | <0.001 | |
| Open wound | |||||||
| Yes (ref. No) | 2.49 | (0.94–6.63) | 0.068 | 5.99 | (1.52–23.60) | 0.011 | |
| Surgery b | |||||||
| Yes (ref. No) | 1.98 | (0.63–6.25) | 0.244 | 2.84 | (0.76–10.66) | 0.121 | |
| Invasive device (ref. None) | |||||||
| Urinary catheter | 3.85 | (1.16–12.81) | 0.028 | 4.56 | (1.13–18.39) | 0.033 | |
| Central catheter | 9.74 | (3.22–29.52) | <0.001 | 11.94 | (2.98–47.93) | <0.001 | |
| Gastrointestinal tube | 4.67 | (1.63–13.38) | 0.004 | 12.70 | (2.61–61.84) | 0.002 | |
| Drainage tube | 0.98 | (0.22–4.27) | 0.977 | 1.03 | (0.21–5.18) | 0.968 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 5.90 | (1.38–25.21) | 0.017 | 4.86 | (0.86–27.49) | 0.074 | |
| Antibiotic exposure (ref. None) | |||||||
| Carbapenems | 3.08 | (1.15–8.27) | 0.025 | 4.88 | (1.40–16.95) | 0.013 | |
| Glycopeptides | 4.61 | (1.57–13.55) | 0.006 | 5.13 | (1.46–18.00) | 0.011 | |
| Penicillins | 1.47 | (0.56–3.88) | 0.772 | 1.00 | (0.32–3.14) | 0.998 | |
| Cephalosporins | 1.54 | (0.59–4.03) | 0.380 | 1.42 | (0.47–4.26) | 0.536 | |
| Fluoroquinolones | 1.21 | (0.47–3.14) | 0.692 | 1.51 | (0.49–4.71) | 0.474 | |
| Vancomycin | 2.19 | (0.57–8.39) | 0.252 | 3.89 | (0.80–18.89) | 0.092 | |
CPE, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; ER, emergency room; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. a Reference group = CPE colonization on admission, b Excluding simple surgery.