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. 2023 Apr 1;12(4):848. doi: 10.3390/antiox12040848

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Band 3 interactions in the human RBC membrane. In RBCs, band 3 presents as an oligomeric form (dimers and/or tetramers) or alternatively as larger aggregates [35]. Dimeric band 3 protein complex is composed of freely moving band 3 dimers with glycophorin A (GPA). However, band 3 molecules (as dimers) are thought to be associated with junctional complexes. In particular, this multiprotein complex is represented by band 3 dimers, adducin, protein 4.1, glycophorin C (GPC) and Rh. Meanwhile, the band 3 tetrameric complex (the ankyrin complex) is organized as a tetramer of band 3 bound to protein 4.2 and ankyrin, alongside GPA. Ankyrin/protein 4.1 and/or protein 4.2/actin binding to band 3 facilitates the association with the underlying α-β-spectrin cytoskeleton [30]. Sedimentation and extractability experiments indicate that both glycolytic proteins and deoxyhemoglobin are associated with the tetrameric form of band 3. Recently, it was demonstrated that Rh protein, CD47, and glycophorin B (GPB) are associated with band 3 (tetrameric form) [35]. This figure was created using BioRender.com.