Table 1.

Commercially available monoclonal antibodies.

Clone	Immunogen	Applications	Description	Specificity
HNEJ-2	4-HNE-modified KLH	IHC, WB, ELISA	mouse IgG1 kappa	Recognizes 4-HNE; Negligible reactivity with proteins that were treated with other aldehydes, such as 2-nonenal, 2-hexenal, 1-hexanal, 4-hydroxyhexenal, formaldehyde, or glutaraldehyde.
12F7	4-HNE-modified KLH	WB, IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA	mouse IgG1	Specific for 4-HNE-modified proteins. Does not detect free 4-HNE. Does not react with 4-hydroxyhexenal, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, hexanoyl lys, MDA, or methylglyoxal-modified proteins
198960	4-HNE-modified KLH	WB, IHC, Simple Western	mouse IgG2b	Detects 4-hydroxynonenal adducts of histidine residues. No cross-reactivity with nitrotyrosine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or 4-hydroxy hexenaldehyde adducts is observed.
9H132	4-HNE-modified KLH	WB	mouse IgG2b	Recognizes 4-HNE adducts of histidine residues. It does not cross-react with nitrotyrosine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or 4-hydroxy hexenaldehyde adducts.
IOFK-3	4-HNE-modified KLH	WB, IHC	mouse	This antibody shows almost negligible reactivity with proteins that were treated with other aldehydes such as: 2-nonenal, 2-hexenal, 1-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, formaldehyde, or glutaraldehyde.

Abbreviations: KLH—keyhole limpet hemocyanin, 4-HNE—4-hydroxynonenal, IHC—immunohistochemistry, ICC—immunocytochemistry, IF—immunofluorescence, WB—Western blot; MDA—malondialdehyde.