Table 2.
A description of blood culture pathogens and microbiology-related outcomes.
| Parameter | Before ASP Intervention | After ASP Intervention | After ASP Intervention Plus BCID2 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microbiology-related outcomes | ||||
| Time to blood culture positivity, h, median (IQR) | 18 (15.5–20) | 18 (15–21) | 11.14 (9.4–15.7) b,c | <0.001 |
| Time to organism identification, h, median (IQR) | 55 (50–58) | 48 (43–56) b | 19.5 (17.8–25.2) b,c | <0.001 |
| Time to in vitro susceptibility results, h, median (IQR) | 64 (58–67.5) | 62 (56–68) | 59.1 (56–64.6) | 0.317 |
| Blood culture pathogens a | ||||
| Gram-positive bacteria (n = 27) | 11/41 (26.8%) | 5/37 (13.5%) | 11/45 (24.5%) | 0.321 |
| Staphylococcus spp. (coagulase negative) | 5 | 4 | 8 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Enterococcus faecium | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
| Streptococcus spp. | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
| Gram-negative bacteria (n = 93) | 28/41 (68.3%) | 32/37 (86.5%) | 33/45 (73.3%) | 0.158 |
| E. coli | 8 | 10 | 10 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 6 | 5 | 10 | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 7 | 7 | 5 | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Citrobacter freundii | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
| Acinetobacter lwoffii | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
| Pseudomonas putida | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Serratia marcescens | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
| Leminorella richardii | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Proteus spp. | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Candida spp. (n = 3) | 2/41 (4.9%) | 0/0 (0%) | 1/45 (2.2%) | 0.64 |
| Candida albicans | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Candida tropicalis | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Candida kefyr | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Abbreviations: h = hours, ASP = antimicrobial stewardship program, BCID2 = Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) Panel, IQR = Interquartile Range. a Data are presented as number of isolates/total of isolates by period (percent). b Statistically significant compared to first period: before ASP intervention c Statistically significant between the two intervention groups. The presented p-value resulted from the comparison between the three groups.