Table 3.
A list of transmembrane receptors, including their ligands, whose expression is altered and plays a role in the tumorigenesis and progression of FTC and other TCs.
| Receptor/Ligand | Expression | Implication | Availability of TK Inhibitor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) [154,156,204]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | Yes |
| Epidermal growth factor Receptor (EGF) [47]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | Yes |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) | Decreased | Aggressive disease | - |
| E-Cadherin [44]. | Decreased | Aggressive disease | - |
| ß-Catenin [154]). | Increased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Galectin-3 [88,183,202]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) [110,183]. | Increased | Unknown | - |
| Estrogen receptor α/β (ERα and ERβ) [205]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Human epidermal receptor 1 and 2 (HER1 and HER2) [154,205]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | Yes |
| G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) [191]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Fibroblasts growth factor receptor (FGFR) [204]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | Yes |
| CXCR1 [206]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TFF-1) [75]. | Decreased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Thyroglobulin | Decreased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) [83]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | Yes |
| Placental growth factor receptor (PIGFR) [204]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) [154,204]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | Yes |
| Angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1) [207]. | Decreased | Aggressive disease | - |
| Somatostatin Receptor Type (SSTR2) [161]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | Yes |
| Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A [208]. | Increased | Aggressive disease | Yes |
| Human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) [110]. | Increased | Unknown | - |