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. 2023 Apr 17;11(4):1191. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11041191

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Violin plots of significant analytes discriminating DU, DO-DU patients, and controls. DU, detrusor underactivity. (A) Urine 8-OHdG levels, (B) Urine TAC levels, (C) Uriine PGE2 levels, (D) Urine EGF levels, (E) Urine IL-5 levels, (F) Urine IL-8 levels, (G) Urine IL-10 levels, (H) Urine CXCL10 levels; DO-DU, detrusor overactivity and detrusor underactivity; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; EGF, epidermal growth factor; CXCL10, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.