AGEs	advanced glycation end products
AGT II	angiotensin II
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
BNP	brain-derived natriuretic peptide
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAN	cardiac autonomic neuropathy
CD163	cluster of differentiation 163
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CVD	cardiovascular disease
DCM	diabetic cardiomyopathy
DPP-4	dipeptidyl peptidase-4
EDRF	endothelium-derived relaxation factor
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
FFA	free fatty acid
FPG	fasting plasma glucose
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
GLUT	glucose transporters
HbA1c	glycated hemoglobin
HDL	high-density lipoprotein
IL	interleukin
IRS-1	insulin receptor substrate 1
JAK	Janus kinase
LV	left ventricle
LVH	left ventricular hypertrophy
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinases
MHC	myosin heavy chain
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NHE3	sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3
NOS	nitric oxide synthases
NPY	neuropeptide Y
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NRG	neuregulins
PARP	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymes
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinases
PKB	protein kinase B
PKC	protein kinase C
PKG	protein Kinase G
PPAR	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
RAAS	renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
RAGE	receptor for advanced glycation end products
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SERCA	sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase
SGLT2	sodium glucose cotransporter 2
SS31	Szeto–Schiller peptide 31
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TGF	transforming growth factor
TGs	triglycerides
TIMP	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase
TZD	thiazolidinediones
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TXNIP	thioredoxin-interacting protein.